不同海拔高度气象条件对枇杷冻、热害与果实品质的影响

Effects of meteorological conditions at different altitudes on frozen,heat injury and fruit quality of Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.

基于2020年5月湖北省枇杷主产区通山县不同种植高度枇杷的随机抽样调查和果实品质测量结果,结合通山县枇杷种植区的气象要素垂直分布特点,分析了海拔高度对枇杷冻、热害与果实品质的影响情况,并对其实质性的气象因素进行分析。结果表明,①枇杷的冻、热害随海拔高度存在规律性变化,总体上冻害随海拔升高而加重,热害随海拔升高而减轻。但在海拔150~250 m的丘陵山坡逆温区,冻害程度出现明显下降;在海拔120 m以下的1 km左右的库周区域,热害程度呈现下降趋势。山地逆温和水体温度效应会影响不同海拔高度的极端低(高)温的分布,山地逆温层的枇杷冷害程度变轻,靠近水体区域的热害情况明显变少。②单果重、纵径、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和固酸比等品质指标随海拔高度存在规律性变化,其中,单果重与果实生长期15~20℃平均气温天数、可溶性固形物含量与平均气温≥25℃天数、可滴定酸含量与果实膨大期气温日较差的相关性显著,是果实品质随海拔高度变化的实质气象影响因子。

Based on the results of random sampling survey and fruit quality measurement of Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.at dif⁃ferent planting heights in Tongshan county,Hubei province in May 2020,combined with the vertical distribution characteristics of me⁃teorological elements in Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.planting area of Tongshan county,the effects of altitude on frozen,heat injury and fruit quality of Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.were analyzed,and the qualitative meteorological factors were analyzed.The results showed that the frozen and heat injury of Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.varied regularly with altitude.Generally,the frozen injury increased with altitude,while the heat injury decreased with altitude.However,the degree of frozen injury decreased sig⁃nificantly in the inversion area of hilly hillside at the altitude of 150~250 m;In the area around the reservoir about 1 km below the alti⁃tude of 120 m,the degree of heat injury showed a downward trend.Mountain inversion and water temperature effect would affect the distribution of extreme low(high)temperature at different altitudes.The degree of frozen injury of Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.in mountain inversion layer was lighter,and the heat injury near water area was significantly less.The quality indexes of Eriobotrya ja⁃ponica(Thunb.)Lindl.such as weight,vertical diameter,soluble solid content,titratable acid content and solid acid ratio,varied regularly with altitude.Among them,the relationship between the weight of single fruit and the average temperature days of 15~20℃in growth period,the content of soluble solid and the days of average temperature≥25℃,titratable acid content and the daily temper⁃ature difference of fruit expansion period were significant,which were the essential meteorological factors of fruit quality change with altitude.