云冈第1、2窟保护实验工程之启示--基于1960年初保护维修图纸的记忆

Revelations from the Conservation Test Project of Yungang Grottoes No.1 and No.2--Based on the Memory of the Conservation and Repair Drawings in the Early 1960s

1960年,中华人民共和国文化部责成中国古代建筑修整所会同北京地质学院的工程技术人员到云冈石窟进行地质水文调查,寻找危害石窟的主要原因,以便提出保护石窟的可行性方案。同年,召开了“云冈石窟保护专家会议”。经过科学对比研究分析,选择规模适当、风化坍塌较重的第1、2窟为保护修缮试点,成为中国石窟寺保护维修的第一个“实验工程”。为保障工程的顺利进行,制定了严格的设计施工原则并经实地勘察测绘,设计出严谨细致的施工图纸。工程于1964年结束,取得良好效果。在对保存至今近40张图纸的整理发现,虽然其线条乃至说明文字多数已经不很清晰,但仍然传达了对今天乃至以后工作具有借鉴和引导意义的重要信息。

In 1960,the Ministry of Culture instructed technicians from the Ancient Architecture Repair Institute and Beijing Institute of Geology to conduct a large-scale geological and hydrological survey on Yungang Grottoes to identify the main threats endangering the caves,in order to devise a feasible plan for the protection of Yungang Grottoes.In the same year,an expert meeting on the protection of Yungang Grottoes was held.Through comparative study and scientific analysis,Cave 1 and Cave 2 were selected as trial subject due to their appropriate scale and comparatively serious erosion and collapse;and hence became the first experimental project in the protection and maintenance of cave temple in China.To ensure smooth process of the project,strict principles for design and construction were made,and rigorous and meticulous drawings were drafted after field survey and mapping.The project ended in 1964 with good results.Even though many of the the lines and textual descriptions of the preserved 40 drawings have become unclear now,but through the process of sorting out these drawings,the author have found that these drawings still contain important information that is of referential meanings and provides guidance for the work now and in the future.