从熟人社会到现代治理:民族地区互助共同体的表现形式及目标走向

From Acquaintance Society to Modern Governance:Manifestation and Goal Orientations of the Mutual Aid Community in Ethnic Minority Areas of China

中华民族的互助行为源远流长,为了应对社会风险,人们逐步建立了家庭、家族、民族内和民族间自发共同体,这些共同体在加强熟人社会团结中发挥了重要作用,但在现代社会的风险冲击下适应性明显削弱,需要建立现代互助共同体以提升民族地区的治理能力。现代共同体的构成要素包括政府积极介入、共同价值观、制度理性、立足传统等。中华人民共和国成立后,现代互助共同体走向生人互助模式,在拓展资源共享、增进民族团结方面发挥了重要作用。进入社会主义新时代,中国应将互助共同体融入民族地区社会治理,提升基层治理能力并引导居民自治、发展多层次社会保障体系,注重乡村互助文化的创新发展。

The Chinese nation has a long history of mutual assistance.In order to deal with social risks,people have gradually established spontaneous communities of families and clans,within and among ethnic minority groups.These communities have played an important role in strengthening the social unity of acquaintances,but their adaptability has been significantly weakened under the impact of risks in modern society.It is necessary to establish a modern mutual aid community to improve the governance ability of ethnic minority areas.The constituent elements of the modern community include active government intervention,common values,institutional rationality,dependence on tradition,and so on.After the founding of the People?s Republic of China,the modern mutual aid community has moved towards the mode of stranger-based mutual assistance,which has played an important role in promoting resource sharing and enhancing national unity.In the new era of socialism,China should integrate the mutual aid community into social governance in ethnic minority areas,improve the grass-roots governance capacity,guide the residents? autonomy,develop a multi-level social security system,and encourage the innovative development of rural mutual aid culture.