6种低温生物质炭的制备及结构表征

Preparation and Structure Characterization of Six Kinds of Low Temperature Biochar

以6种常见的农业废弃物为原料,研究其生物质炭制备工艺及结构特征,并探究炭化物用于土壤改良的可行性。采用正交试验设计生物质炭制备工艺,结合比表面积、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析产物理化性质及结构特点。结果表明:分别优化得到6种低温生物质炭的制备工艺,其得率大小排列顺序:玉米芯(36.10%)>玉米秸秆(34.73%)>瓜子壳(34.07%)>菇渣(33.89%)>杨树枝条(32.28%)>大豆秸秆(28.16%);杨树炭、菇渣炭、大豆秸秆炭中灰分含量较大,田间持水量较高,且表面富含多种离子,表明其保水保肥性能较优;玉米芯炭、瓜子壳炭碳含量较高,施入土壤有助于增加土壤碳汇;菇渣炭和玉米芯炭比表面积较大,电镜照片显示其孔隙发达,内部孔隙彼此贯通,显示了良好的吸附性能。

Six kinds of common agricultural wastes were used as raw materials to study the preparation process and structural characteristics of biochar,and to explore the feasibility of using biochar for soil improvement.The preparation process of biochar was designed by orthogonal experiment,and the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of the product were analyzed by combining specific surface area,infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that:the preparation processes of 6 kinds of biochar were optimized,and the order of yield size is corn cob biochar(36.10%)>corn stalk biochar(34.73%)>melon seeds husk biochar(34.07%)>mushroom residue biochar(33.89%)>poplar twig biochar(32.28%)>soybean stalk biochar(28.16%);Poplar twig biochar,mushroom residue biochar and soybean stalk biochar had large ash content and high water holding capacity,indicating that their water and fertilizer retention performance is better;Carbon content of corn cob biochar and melon seeds husk biochar was higher,and soil carbon sink was increased;Specific surface area of mushroom residue biochar and corn cob biochar was large,and the electron micrograph shows that the pores were well developed,and the internal pores were connected with each other,showing good adsorption performance.