利用红外相机对甘肃太统崆峒山自然保护区兽类和鸟类的初步调查

Preliminary Investigation of Mammals and Birds in Gansu Taitong-Kongtong Mountain Nature Reserve by Infrared Camera

甘肃太统崆峒山国家级自然保护区是陇东黄土高原西部物种资源与遗传多样性丰富的区域,为深入了解该区域野生动物多样性现状及其变化,于2017年11月至2020年11月,通过在保护区内设置的36个红外相机监测位点对保护区内的兽类和鸟类进行了调查。共获得鸟兽的独立有效照片997张。经鉴定有兽类4目8科9种,鸟类4目8科12种。其中,国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物有黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、普通鵟(Buteo buteo)、豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)、橙翅噪鹛(Garrulax elliotii)5种;保护区分布的中国特有种鸟类有2种(红腹锦鸡和橙翅噪鹛),兽类1种(岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davdianus)。在兽类中,野猪(Sus scrofa)、狍(Capreolus capreolus)的相对多度指数较高;在鸟类中,红腹锦鸡的相对多度指数较高。此次红外相机监测到的虎斑地鸫(Zoothera dauma)为保护区新记录种。可为今后甘肃太统崆峒山自然保护区野生动物组成、种群动态、活动节律、生境利用等长期监测工作以及后续科学研究提供参考。

Gansu Taitong-Kongtong Mountain National Nature Reserve is a special region with rich species resources and genetic diversity in western Longdong Loess Plateau.In order to study the current situation of mammal and bird species diversity in this region,36 infrared cameras were set in the nature reserve from November 2017 to November 2020,and a total of 997 independent and valid photos of birds and animals were obtained.It has been identified that there are 9 species of beasts,4 orders and 8 families,and 12 species of birds,4 orders and 8 families.Among the detected species,5 species are listed as Class II National Protected Wildlife in China including Martes flavigula,Chrysolophus pictus,Buteo buteo,Prionailurus bengalensis and Garrulax elliotii,and 3 species are listed as endemic species of China including Chrysolophus pictus,Garrulax elliotii and Sciurotamias davdianus.The analysis on the relative abundance of species showed that the most abundant mammal species were Sus scrofa and Capreolus capreolus,and the bird species was Chrysolophus pictus.In this survey,Scaly Thrush(Zoothera dauma)was found as a new record in the nature reserve.This paper established the basis of the long-term monitoring of wildlife diversity and population dynamics in the nature reserve.