礼乐革新:从特权礼乐向庶民必需品的转化——《论语·八佾篇》的法典化解读

Reform of Rites and Music: Transformation from the Privileged to Necessities of Common People: On the Codification Interpretation of Ba Yi, The Analects of Confucius

传统的认识是孔子希望恢复西周的礼乐制度,主张"克己复礼",使社会能够君臣有别,长幼有序。但依《论语》中仁学的体系化解读,并无此义,仁学的礼乐是在周礼基础上的礼乐改革,从奢易到俭敬,从原先的注重祭祀、仪式、身份转变为与人的成长的日常生活细节密切相关,从贵族的奢侈品到庶民不可须臾离也的必需品。正是礼乐的革新,使其能够成为仁学传承的载体,成为中华传统生生不息的基础。

The traditional understanding is that Confucius hoped to restore the ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and advocated “to subdue oneself and return to the proprieties” so that the society can be distinguished between monarchs and ministers and grow in order. However, according to the systematic interpretation of the theory of benevolence in the Analects of Confucius, there is no such meaning. The ritual and music of benevolence is a reform of rites and music based on those of Zhou Dynasty, from extravagance to simplicity, from the former emphasis on sacrifice, ceremony and identity to something that is closely related to the daily life details of people’s growth, and from the luxury of the nobility to the necessity of the common people. It is the innovation of rites and music that makes it become the carrier of benevolence and the foundation of Chinese tradition.