《仪礼》“两次转型说”理念下的复原探索

Exploration of Restoration Under the Concept of"Two Transformations"of Yili

综观《仪礼》学史,其大势在两次转型:第一次是将社会上活态传承的周代典礼仪式著之竹帛,转换成凝固态的文本——《仪礼》;第二次,是将晦涩的《仪礼》文本还原为活态。第一次转型成于孔子,旨在存亡继绝;第二次转型则是后世礼家的终极使命,期于不负孔门存礼初衷。在此理念指导下,笔者带领的团队,长期会读《仪礼》,就宫室、服饰、名物、仪节诸专题分工专研,并结合考古、建筑、音乐、体育等多种学科,利用多媒体技术,将《仪礼》之《士冠礼》《士昏礼》《士相见礼》《乡射礼》拍摄成真人实景的影视片,使固态的《仪礼》以具活力的形式走出书斋、走向世界,扩大了国际学术交流的途径。全方位、立体式、动态化的复原研究,要求任何细节都必须清晰,无法逃避,许多在文本化过程中被省简、忽略、舍弃的仪物,以及在书斋中难以意识到的问题,亦一一浮出水面,逼使我们实实在在地作出回应。纸上得来终觉浅,我们努力突破乾嘉学者纯文本研究的窠臼,坚信实验性复原是《仪礼》研究的必由之路。

Yili’s research involved two major instances of transformation:firstly,the rites and ceremonies of Zhou Dynasty,which is socially active and inherited,was written on bamboo and silk and converted into a solidified text;and secondly,made the obscure text simple and clear.The first transformation was completed by Confucius who aimed at preserving and inheriting heritages.Still,the second transformation in order to live up to the original intention of Confucius’pursuit of ritual propriety,which is a goal left for later scholars.In the above background,the author leads his research team specialized in archaeology,architecture,music and sport to conduct a study into the various perspectives of Yili,such as building structures,costumes,rites and their implementation.Furthermore,the team made use of multimedia and modern technologies into film in the chapters of Shi Guanli(士冠礼),Shi Hunli(士昏礼),Shi Xiangjianli(士相见礼)and Xiang Sheli(乡射礼)in Yili,in an attempt to realize Yili from texts into acts,facilitate Yili’s global exposure and convene international academic exchanges.The reconstruction of Yili dynamically and holistically in all dimensions requires the researchers to leave no stone unturned.It is unavoidable that one must dig out all details and particulars in Yili.There are many elements in Yili being omitted,neglected and abandoned during its textualization.Throughout the re-enactment of Yili,many problems which cannot be uncovered on the desktop are surfaced,forcing us to response them concretely.The aforesaid has shown the limitation of textual-only research.We strive to break through the paradigm of pure text research of Qianjia scholars,and faithfully believe that the experimental approach is the essential path to the research of Yili.