大国礼治何以重要?——政制崇拜、治体论与儒学社会科学刍议

Why Is Rule of Li(礼)Important for State Governance?:Regime Worship,Zhi-ti(治体)Tradition and Tentative Exploration of Confucian Social Science

在中国社会科学诸多学科纷纷推进本土化发展的过程中,本土资源的深层蕴积无法绕开儒学传统。钱穆代表了现代中国学人处理现实政治与学术传统关系的一个典型进路,其学思的社会科学潜能值得我们积极发掘。对于现代流行的政制崇拜,钱穆强调应将其置于立国思维中予以安顿,警惕变革论调下的反传统激情,注重与立国大传统相贯通,并紧密结合人类的整体现代命运来思考自身发展道路。中国政治制度围绕大一统秩序形成了系统与古今两个维度上的通贯性,我们应从宪制体系中审视其得失利弊,注重治体论对于政治主体、政治原则和制度方略三者关系的均衡安排。钱穆由此对西方社会科学理论的权力、制度、组织和理性化等要素展开了深刻反思,显示出传统转型中基础原理层面的替代性路向。而他对礼治和法治的不断探析,则提醒我们重估礼治的现代价值,在大国宪制之外重视大国礼治对于治理体系之秩序优化乃至现代政治文明发展方面的贡献。

Many disciplines in Chinese social science have pushed forward the localization movement during recent years and the development must deal with the Confucian tradition that points to the long-standing and profound resources of Chinese civilization.Among modern scholars Qian Mu represents a typical approach to reinterpret and reevaluate Chinese political and academic tradition,which contains rich potential of social science worth being exploited inspiring.In response to modern popular regime worship,Qian Mu emphasized the contextual importance of state-building and thinks over Chinese modern path closely incorporating with the general destiny of human beings.Chinese political system develops the coherence alongside the two dimensions of the integrative structure and historical tradition and attaches much importance to the dialectics among such three kinds of elements as political agency,political principles and institutions-strategies.Based on the above,Qian Mu develops a profound reflection on the fundamental component such as power,institution,organization,and rationalization in the western social science.Furthermore,Qian’s continuing discussion of the relationship between rule of law and the rule of Li(礼)reminds us of the importance of reevaluating the modern significance of the rule of Li,which is positively inspiring to the improvement of state governance.