早产对婴幼儿早期语言、睡眠及认知发育影响的探讨

Effects of preterm delivery on early language,sleep and cognitive development of infants

目的探讨早产对幼儿的早期语言、睡眠及认知发育的影响。方法选取2019年9月至2020年9月在柳州市中医医院高危儿随访门诊就诊的早产儿34例为早产儿组,另选取同期儿保门诊常规体检无高危儿因素的足月儿124例为足月儿组。应用《早期语言发育进程量表》评估其语言发育程度,采用《简明婴幼儿睡眠问卷》进行睡眠情况调查,同时使用0~6岁儿童神经心理量表评估两组幼儿的智能认知发育状况。结果早产儿组早期语言总发育商、A/B/C三个分量表发育商低于足月儿组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。早产儿组入眠潜伏期与夜醒总时间高于足月儿组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组夜间睡眠时长、白天睡眠时长、睡眠总时长、夜醒次数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早产儿组患儿在精细动作、适应能力、语言、社交四个能区的发育商低于足月儿组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组大运动能区发育商比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早产儿在早期语言和夜间入眠潜伏期等方面的发育与足月儿有差距,予以提早干预,促进早产儿的神经发育成熟,改善远期预后。早期语言发育和睡眠功能联合评估可能可以作为早产高危儿脑发育早期筛查的警醒指标。

Objective To investigate the effect of preterm delivery on early language,sleep and cognitive development in infants.Methods From September 2019 to September 2020,34 premature infants aged 12 to 36 months who visited the high-risk infant clinic of Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the study group,and 124 infants born at term who had no high-risk factors during the routine physical examination of the child care clinic during the same period were selected as the control group.The Early Language Development Process Scale(EIMS)was used to evaluate the language development,the Brief Sleep Questionnaire for Infants and Young children(BISQ)was used to investigate the sleep status,and the neuropsychological scale for children aged 0 to 6 years was used to evaluate the intelligent cognitive development of the two groups.Results There were statistically significant differences in the total developmental quotient and the three subscale developmental quotients of the two groups(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the latency to sleep and the duration of nocturnal awakenings,the study group being longer than the control group(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the duration of daytime sleep,duration of night sleep,total duration of 24-hour sleep,or the number of nocturnal awakenings(P>0.05).In cognitive development,there were statistically significant differences in developmental quotient of the four functional areas of fine movement,adaptability,language and social interaction,the study group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the development quotient of major motor energy regions(P>0.05).Conclusion The development of preterm infants is different from that of full-term infants in terms of early language and latency at night,so early intervention should be given,to promote the neural development and maturity of preterm infants and improve the long-term prognosis.Combined assessment of early language development and sleep function may serve as a warning indicator for early screening of brain development in infants at high risk of premature delivery.