黎锦熙汉字简化的理论与实践

A Study of Li Jinxi’s Simplification of Chinese Characters

黎锦熙既是民国时期国语运动、汉字改革的先锋及核心推动者,也是新中国成立后文字改革工作的关键参与者。就文字简化问题而论,黎氏对汉字简化工作的推进及对相关问题的讨论集中在三个时段:1922年"国语统一筹备会"第四次会议前后、1935年《第一批简体字表》发布前后、1964年《简化字总表》发布前后。整体观之,黎氏对简体字的概念界定、价值认知、整理原则、应用推行等所持的态度前后较为一致。尽管黎氏认为拼音文字是汉字改革的最终方向,但他同时肯定了简体字,并为其正名,主张搜集固有的减省形体加以推行。对于简体字的整理,他主张遵循"自然"演变的原则,不强定系统,不臆造新体;主管部门更多应做好"审订"和"承认"的工作。对于简化形体的应用及推行,黎氏提议将简体字与注音符号配合使用,还主张"写简识繁"。其对汉字简化的不少论断,都给当今和未来的汉字规范工作以重要启示。

Li Jinxi is not only a pioneer and core promoter of the national language movement and the reform of Chinese characters in the Republic of China,but also a key participant in the reform of Chinese characters after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.As far as the simplification of Chinese characters is concerned,the development of Li’s research on the simplification of Chinese characters could be divided into three periods:around the fourth meeting of the preparatory meeting for the unification of Chinese language in 1922,around the publication of The First Group of Simplified Chinese Characters in 1935,and around the publication of A Complete Collection of The Simplified Chinese Characters in 1964.Generally speaking,Li was always consistent in his attitude towards the definition of simplified Chinese characters,value cognition,principle of arrangement and application.Although Li believed that Pinyin is the ultimate direction of the reform of Chinese characters,he also affirmed and justified simplified Chinese characters,advocating the collection and use of the existing simplified characters.For the arrangement of simplified Chinese characters,he advocated the principle of natural evolution instead of strengthening the system or fabricating new styles;he held that the governmental departments in charge should have done more work in review and recognition.For the application and implementation of simplified forms,Li proposed to use simplified characters with phonetic symbols,and also promoted the idea of writing simple and understanding complex.Many of his comments on Simplified Chinese characters brought important enlightenment to the current and future work in Chinese character standardization.