根际促生菌与生物炭制剂对辣椒生长发育及土壤改良效果的影响

Effects of Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Biochar Preparation on Growth and Development of Pepper and Soil Improvement

本试验将2个热解温度(400℃、600℃)生产的生物炭成品与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B38制备为根际植物促生菌(PGPR)-生物炭制剂,并以此为材料设置5个处理,采用温室盆栽试验法,研究PGPR-生物炭制剂对辣椒生长发育和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,生物炭、PGPR(B.subtilis B38)皆可有效地促进辣椒种子萌发,且基于平板计数数据显示,生物炭可提高B.subtilis B38菌株在土壤中的存活数。与空白对照(CK)相比,单施B.subtilis B38(Bs)、单施生物炭处理(BC400、BC600)皆可在一定程度上促进辣椒植株鲜重、干重、株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量的增加,改善叶绿素荧光参数、土壤质地及土壤肥力水平,但效果不显著;PGPR-生物炭处理(Bs+BC400、Bs+BC600)中上述指标得到显著提升,且Bs+BC400处理整体优于Bs+BC600处理。基于土壤理化性质与植株生长发育指标进行相关分析表明,除pH和CEC值外,土壤容重、土壤持水量、有机质及速效氮磷钾等指标与生长指标均存在显著或极显著相关关系。综上,400℃条件下制备的生物炭与B.subtilis 38联合施用(Bs+BC400)是最优处理,其可通过改良土壤质地、提升土壤肥力而促进辣椒的生长发育。本研究结果可为土壤改良和新型肥料的开发提供理论依据。

In this study,the biochar(BC)products prepared at pyrolysis temperatures of 400℃(BC400)and 600℃(BC600)and Bacillus subtilis B38(Bs)were compounded as PGPR-biochar preparations to study their effects on growth and development of pepper and soil nutrients by pot experiment.The results showed that both(BC)and Bs could effectively promote the germination of pepper seeds,and BC could increase the survival number of Bs strains in soil based on the plate count data.Compared with control(CK,no BC and Bs),the single application of Bs,BC400 and BC600 could increase the fresh weight,dry weight,plant height,stem thickness,leaf area and chlorophyll content of pepper plants at a certain extent,and improve the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,soil texture and soil fertility level,but the effects were not significant.The above indicators were significantly improved by Bs+BC treatments(Bs+BC400,Bs+BC600),and Bs+BC400 treatment was better than Bs+BC600 treatment.Correlation analysis based on soil physical and chemical properties and indicators of plant growth and development showed that,except for the values of pH and CEC,the soil porosity,soil water holding capacity,contents of organic matter and available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with growth indicators.In summary,the Bs+BC400 treatment was the optimal one,which could promote the growth and development of pepper by improving soil texture and fertility.The results of this study could provide theoretical bases for soil improvement and development of new fertilizers.