电子雷管和导爆管雷管起爆的振动信号时频特性对比

Comparison of Time-Frequency Characteristics of Vibration Signals Detonated by Electronic Detonators and Nonel Detonators

为了对比电子雷管和导爆管雷管两种起爆方式的爆破振动信号,开展了某露天采石矿两种雷管起爆的深孔爆破振动测试。基于小波分析方法和Matlab程序小波工具箱,对爆破振动信号按照频率划分为10个频带,分析各频带能量和峰值质点速度(peak partide velocity, PPV)的分布特征及随爆心距的变化。结果表明:采用电子雷管和导爆管雷管起爆时,90%的爆破振动能量分布在2~6频带(9.77~312.50 Hz)和2~7频带(9.77~625.00 Hz),且PPV分布在3~4频带(19.53~78.13 Hz)和4~5频带(39.06~126.25 Hz),即电子雷管起爆的爆破地震波能量和PPV均向低频带分布,且信号的PPV更小;中、高频带能量大小与段药量成正比,与爆心距成反比;各频带能量占比和PPV大小是反映爆破振动强度的重要指标,采用电子雷管能有效地减少爆破振动。

In order to compare the blasting vibration signals caused by electronic detonator initiation and nonel detonator initiation, deep-hole blasting vibration test of the two kinds of detonators was carried out in an open-pit quarry. Based on wavelet analysis method and Matlab program wavelet toolbox, the blasting vibration signal was divided into 10 frequency bands according to the frequency. Distribution characteristics of energy and peak particle velocity in each frequency band and their changes with distance from explosion source were analyzed. Results show that, when nonel detonator or electronic detonator is used for initiation, 90% energy is distributed in 2-6 frequency band(9.77-312.50 Hz) or 2-7 frequency band(9.77-625.00 Hz), and peak vibration velocity is in 3-4 frequency bands(19.53-78.13 Hz) or 4-5 frequency band(39.06-126.25 Hz). Energy and PPV of blasting seismic wave in electronic detonator initiation are both distributed to the low frequency band, and PPV of the signal is smaller. Energy in middle and high frequency bands is proportional to deck charge, and is inversely proportional to distance from explosion source. Energy ratio of each frequency band and PPV are important indicators reflecting the intensity of blasting vibration. The use of electronic detonators can effectively reduce blasting vibration.