农村女性围绝经期综合征影响因素及路径分析

Analysis on the prevention path of perimenopausal syndrome in rural women

目的分析农村女性围绝经期综合征发生的影响因素及其路径并进行实证研究。方法 2019年10月~2020年5月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取河北省廊坊市农村45~60岁需要隔代照顾的女性,应用一般资料调查问卷调查个人情况、家庭情况、隔代照顾情况等;采用改良版Kupperman评分表进行围绝经期综合征评测。并基于结构方程模型分析验证45~60岁农村女性围绝经期综合征影响因素模型中各因素间的作用机制。结果本次共调查农村女性536人,平均年龄(53.160±4.088)岁,围绝经期综合征评分为(10.400±5.427)分,围绝经期综合征发生率为78.73%;发生围绝经期综合征与个人情况、隔代照顾情况、社会支持及心理弹性均相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结构方程模型显示:45~60岁农村女性围绝经期综合征影响因素模型拟合较好,个人因素对围绝经期综合征仅有间接正向效应(β=0.398),家庭因素有直接(P<0.001)和间接效应,社会支持有直接负向效应(P<0.001)。结论 45~60岁农村女性围绝经期综合征发生率较高,影响因素结构方程模型具有较好的解释和预测作用。

Objective To analyze the influence path of perimenopausal syndrome in rural women. Methods From October 2019 to May 2020, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 45-60 year-old women in rural areas of Langfang City, Hebei Province. General information questionnaire was used to investigate personal situation, family situation and intergenerational care. The improved Kupperman score scale was used to evaluate the perimenopausal syndrome. Based on the structural equation model analysis, the mechanism of the influencing factors of perimenopausal syndrome in rural women aged 45-60 was verified.Results A total of 536 rural female caregivers were investigated, the average age was(53.160 ± 4.088), the score of perimenopausal syndrome was(10.400 ± 5.427), and the incidence of perimenopausal syndrome was 78.73%. The occurrence of perimenopausal syndrome was related to personal condition, intergenerational care, social support and resilience, there was statistical difference(P<0.05). The results of structural equation model showed that the model of influencing factors of perimenopausal syndrome in rural women aged 45-60 was well fitted. Individual factors had only indirect positive effect on perimenopausal syndrome of rural women aged 45-60 years(β = 0.398). Family factors had direct and indirect effect on perimenopausal syndrome of rural women aged 45-60 years(P<0.001).Social support had a direct negative effect on perimenopausal syndrome in rural women aged 45-60(P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence of perimenopausal syndrome is higher in rural women aged 45-60 years. The model of influencing factors of perimenopausal syndrome in rural women aged 45-60 years can be used to explain and predict perimenopausal syndrome.