风帆船时代海南岛渔民的海外贸易与移民——兼论《更路簿》中的海外更路

Overseas Trade and Immigration of Hainan Fishermen in the Days of Sail—Overseas Sea Routes in Genglubu

在风帆船时代,海南岛渔民通过《更路簿》中的“海外更路”,形成了特有的“去番”以及“两头家”这种海外贸易以及移民现象,其特点有:贸易和移民国家以新加坡和越南为主;船只大多是渔船兼商船合二为一,专门用来贸易的商船很少;交易货物,出口商品主要是南海领域的一些海产品,以海参、公螺为主,换回来的主要是一些日用品。这些特点是与当时的社会、经济紧密联系在一起的,也是制约海南岛渔民对外贸易未能形成大规模商业贸易的因素之一。

In the days of sail,Hainan fishermen have formed a unique phenomenon of“qufan”and“liangtoujia”through the“overseas sea routes”in Genglubu.This kind of overseas trade and immigration has its own characteristics:Singapore and Vietnam are the main countries of trade and immigration;most of the ships are fishing and merchant ships,and few merchant ships are specially used for trade;the trade goods and export commodities are mainly some seafood such as sea cucumbers and male snails in the South China Sea to exchange some daily necessities.These characteristics are closely linked with the society and economy at that time,and also one of the factors restricting the foreign trade of Hainan fishermen from forming large-scale commercial trade.