2019年湖北省输入性疟疾疫情分析

Epidemic situation of imported malaria in Hubei province in 2019

目的了解2019年湖北省疟疾流行特征,为湖北省消除疟疾后监测策略的调整提供依据。方法收集2019年湖北省疟疾病例网报资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析2019年湖北省网报疟疾病例的流行病学特征。结果 2019年湖北省共报告疟疾病例151例,均为境外输入病例。其中,恶性疟119例(78.8%)、间日疟15例(9.9%)、卵形疟12例(7.9%)、三日疟5例(3.3%)。病例主要分布在武汉(54例,35.8%)、黄石(25例,16.6%)、襄阳(14例,9.3%)和宜昌(10例,6.6%)。2019年全年均有疟疾病例报告,其中11月报告病例数最多,为22例;3月、5月、7月报告的病例最少,均为9例。发病以30~<50岁年龄组居多,占66.2%(100/151)。男性148例,女性3例,男女性别比49.3∶1。疟疾病例的报告单位以地市及医疗机构占比较高,占59.6%(90/151)。98.0%(148/151)的疟疾病例从非洲的25个国家输入,输入病例最多的国家为刚果金(49例,32.5%),其次为埃塞俄比亚(12例,7.9%)和尼日利亚(12例,7.9%)。结论 2019年湖北省报告的疟疾病例均为输入性疟疾病例,以恶性疟为主,其他3种疟疾病例均有报告。提示本省需持续提升对境外输入性疟疾病例的防控工作,针对特定人群开展防疟知识宣传,进一步强化医疗机构的疟疾诊断意识和水平。

Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Hubei province in 2019,and provide the evidence for adjusting the strategies in the post-elimination stage.Methods The data from the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method for the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei province in 2019.Results A total of 151 malaria cases were reported in Hubei province in 2019,all reported cases were imported from overseas;119 were infected with P.falciparum(78.8%),15 with P.vivax(9.9%),12 with P.ovale(7.9%),5 with P.malariae(3.3%).The top 4 cities with highest number of malaria cases were Wuhan(54,35.8%),Huangshi(25,16.6%),Xiangyang(14,9.3%),Yichang(10,6.6%).Most of the cases occurred in November(22).66.2%(100/151)of the whole cases were concentrated in 30-<50 age groups.There were 148 male cases and 3 female cases,with a sex ratio of 49.3∶1.The patients first selected diagnosis units were mainly concentrated in county and above levels’ medical institutions(90/151,59.6%).For those imported cases,98.0%(148/151)of them were imported from 25 African countries.The imported cases came mainly from Congo-Kinshasa(49,32.5%),Ethiopia(12,7.9%)and Nigeria(12,7.9%).Conclusions All malaria cases reported in Hubei province in 2019 were imported malaria cases.Falciparum malaria was the main imported malaria disease,and the other three malaria diseases were reported.It was suggested that the prevention and control of imported malaria cases from abroad should be continuously improved;malaria prevention knowledge publicity should be carried out for specific populations,and the awareness and level of malaria diagnosis in medical institutions should be further strengthened.