2014-2019年重庆市甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征

The epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Chongqing,2014-2019

目的通过2014-2019年重庆市甲型病毒性肝炎发病趋势及其流行病学特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法通过中国传染病报告信息管理系统收集2014-2019年重庆市甲型病毒性肝炎病例的基本资料,将重庆按渝东北、渝东南、渝西和主城4个片区进行地区分布分析,季节分布采用集中度值方法,采用SPSS 25.0对数据进行统计学分析。结果 2014-2019年,重庆市共报告甲肝患者4 995例,其中实验室确诊病例3 955例(79.18%),平均报告发病率为2.76/10万。发病率呈现逐年下降的趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=125.03,P<0.05);发病男女性别比为1.32∶1,男性发病率(3.09/10万)高于女性(2.41/10万);发病无明显季节性;发病地区以渝东南9区最高(3.65/10万),主城9区最低(2.06/10万);发病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=308.431,P<0.05);发病职业以农民为主(54.59%)。结论重庆地区甲肝的发病率呈逐年下降趋势,4片区发病率存在一定差异,高年龄组人群和农民是甲肝的重点发病人群。

Objective To analyze the incidence epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Chongqing from 2014 to2019,and provide the basis for prevention and control of hepatitis A.Methods The data of cases of hepatitis A were collected by China Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System in Chongqing from 2014 to 2019.The data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 in 4 regions of northeast Chongqing,southeast Chongqing,West Chongqing and main urban city.The concentration degree method was applied to analyze the seasonal tendency of hepatitis A.Results 4 995 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Chongqing from 2014 to 2019.There were 3 955 laboratory confirmed cases(79.18%).The average reported incidence was 2.76/100 000.The incidence rate showed a decreasing trend year by year(χ_(trend)^(2)=125.03,P<0.05).The ratio of male to female was 1.32∶1.The incidence rate of male(3.09/100 000)was higher than that of female(2.41/100 000).There was no obvious seasonal variation.It was highest in the 9 districts of southeast Chongqing(3.65/100 000)and lowest in the 9 districts of the main urban city(2.06/100 000).The incidence rate increased with the increase of age(χ_(trend)^(2)=308.431,P<0.05).The occupation of incidence was mainly farmers(54.59%).Conclusions The incidence rate of hepatitis A in Chongqing is decreasing year by year.There were certain differences in the incidence rates of 4 areas.The high age group and farmers were the key population of hepatitis A.