西瓜甜瓜生产关键环节机械化现状、存在问题及发展建议

Current status,existing problems and development suggestions in key periods of mechanized production of watermelon and melon

我国西瓜甜瓜生产机械化起步晚、机械化程度低,生产效率低下,“机器换人”已成为西瓜甜瓜生产节本、提质、增效的必然需求。分析比较了国内外西瓜甜瓜生产中移栽、播种、施肥及病虫害防治等环节的机械化装备发展现状,指出目前国内西瓜甜瓜生产机械化存在的不足与短板,建议从改进规模化种植,强化产、学、研合作,加强农机农艺融合等方面提升我国西瓜甜瓜生产机械化水平,为西瓜甜瓜生产机械装备研发和应用提供参考。

Due to the late beginning,low-level and poor efficiency of the mechanization of watermelon and melon production in China.“machine instead of manpower”has become an inevitable demand for cost saving,quality improvement,and efficiency increase in watermelon and melon production.In this paper,the development status of mechanization between domestic and abroad was analyzed and compared during the period of transplanting,sowing,fertilizing and pesticide application of watermelon and melon production.The shortage and disadvantage of mechanization in watermelon and melon production in China was indicated.Then,the advices of improving planting scale,strengthening Industry-University-Research Cooperation,reinforcing agricultural machinery and agronomy integration were proposed in order to promote the mechanization level of watermelon and melon production in China,and furthermore,to provide reference for the development and application of producing device of watermelon and melon.