公众应急准备行为现状及影响因素研究

Current situation and influencing factors of public emergency preparedness behavior

目的研究我国公众应急准备行为现状及其影响因素,为提高我国居民应急准备水平,加强公众的应急素养提供对策和建议。方法 2020年1月至2月采用网络调查方法对我国广东省、黑龙江省和四川省18岁以上的1 761名居民进行调查,主要包括人口学特征、应急准备行为、风险感知、应急准备认知、应急态度、自我效能、自救知识掌握程度及突发事件经历情况。结果主动参与应急培训和演练行为相对较好(36.57%),其次是制定逃生计划行为(31.52%),应急物品准备行为最低(6.59%),其中家中备有手电筒(83.82%)和急救药箱(62.52%)的居民较多,而家中备有收音机(24.59%)的居民最少。自我效能和自救知识掌握程度是促进公众准备应急物品、制定逃生计划、参加应急培训和演练的共同影响因素。应急态度是影响公众制定逃生计划、参加应急培训演练的重要影响因素。结论我国公众应急准备行为水平总体较低,呈现出应急培训和演练参与程度不足、制定逃生计划行为缺失、应急物品准备不充分等问题。建议应急管理主体根据不同应急准备行为加强对公众全方位的应急宣传教育,提高公众的自我效能和应急知识及技能水平,增强公众的风险防范意识与应急态度。

Objective To study the current situation and influencing factors of public emergency preparedness behavior in China,and to provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving residents’ emergency preparedness level and strengthening the public’s emergency literacy.Methods From January to February 2020,1 761 residents aged over 18 years in Guangdong,Heilongjiang and Sichuan provinces of China were surveyed using online survey method.The questionnaire included demographic characteristics,emergency preparedness behavior,risk perception,perception of emergency preparedness,attitude,self-efficacy,self-rescue knowledge and emergency experience.Results The behavior of participating in emergency training and drill was relatively good(36.57%),followed by the behavior of making an escape plan(31.52%),and the behavior of preparing emergency supplies was the lowest(6.59%).Among them,there were more residents with flashlights(83.82%) and first-aid kits(62.52%) at home.The number of residents with a radio at home(24.59%) was the lowest.Self-efficacy and self-rescue knowledge were the common influencing factors for the public to prepare emergency supplies,to make escape plans and to participate in training and drill.Emergency attitude was an important factor that affected the public to make escape plan and to participate in training and drills.Conclusion The general level of the public’s emergency preparedness behavior in China is low,showing problems such as insufficient participation in emergency training and drills,lack of behavior in making escape plans,and inadequate preparation of emergency supplies.It is suggested that the main body of emergency management strengthen the public’s comprehensive emergency publicity and education according to different emergency preparedness behaviors,improve the public’s self-efficacy and emergency knowledge and skills,and enhance the public’s risk prevention attitude.