动力电池双渠道闭环供应链补贴机制研究

Research on Subsidy Mechanism of Power Battery Dual-Channel Closed-Loop Supply Chain

在无补贴消费者、补贴消费者以及补贴回收商3种补贴模式下,构建了动力电池双回收渠道的闭环供应链,并对不同时期的补贴对象选择及其对供应链产生的影响进行了研究。研究发现:在一定范围内,采取补贴措施总是有利于供应链的,不论采取哪种补贴模式,闭环供应链各环节及整体利润总是高于无补贴模式,且相较于补贴消费者,补贴零售商和整车制造商对供应链各环节和整体利润影响较大。但由于政府在不同阶段目标存在差异,补贴对象的选择存在变化。新能源汽车市场初入和早期发展阶段,政府需要通过补贴消费者模式来提升使市场需求量,而当销售市场趋于稳定和成熟时,政府应考虑提高动力电池回收再制造积极性和供应链效率,在补贴两回收商的策略下,更侧重于对整车制造商的补贴,以激发闭环供应链各环节回收再制造积极性,打造绿色低碳动力电池闭环供应链。

This study constructed a dual recycling channel closed-loop supply chain for power batteries under 3 subsidy modes of no subsidy consumer,subsidized consumer,and subsidized recycler,and studied the selection of subsidy objects in different periods and its impact on the supply chain.The research found that:Within a certain scope,the adoption of subsidy measures is always beneficial to the supply chain.No matter which subsidy mode is adopted,the profit of each link and the overall profit of the closed-loop supply chain are always higher than those of the non-subsidized mode,and compared to subsidized consumers,subsidized retailers and vehicle manufacturers have a greater impact on all the profit of cach link of the supply chain and the chain's overall profit.However,due to the different objectives of the government at different stages,the choice of subsidy objects changes.In the initial and early development stage of the new energy vehicle market,the government needs to subsidize consumers to increase market demand,while the sales market becomes stable and mature,the government should consider increasing the enthusiasm for power battery recyeling and supply chain efficiency.Under the strategy of subsidizing the two recyclers,more emphasis should be placed on subsidies to vehicle manufacturers to stimulate the enthusiasm of recycling and remanufacturing in all links of the closed-loop supply chain and create a closed-loop supply chain of green low-carbon power batteries.