我国医学院校发展的回顾与展望

Retrospectives and prospects of the development of medical schools in China

目的基于国内外比较的视角,总结我国医学院校的发展状况,分析我国医学院校发展中存在的问题,并提出相关建议。方法采用描述性分析方法和文献研究方法。结果经过150余年的发展,2020年我国医学院校数量达到192所,但相对数量仍然严重不足,每千万人口医学院校数量尚不足全球平均水平的三分之一。部分医学院校的教学质量难以令人满意,优质医学院校数量不足。此外,还存在医学院校平均招生规模较大、地区分布不均衡、缺乏国家级专业管理机构等问题。结论我国在医学院校建设与发展中应当注重顶层设计,制定医学院校发展规划;多措并举稳步增加医学院校数量;建立国家级专业管理机构,完善医学院校的宏观管理;通过政府主导,扶持欠发达地区医学院校的建设。

Objectives To review and summarize the development of China's medical schools,existing issues and put forward policy suggestions based on the perspective of domestic and international comparison.Methods Descriptive analysis and literature review were implemented.Results After 150 years'development,the number of China's medical schools reached 192 in 2020.However,there is still a serious shortage of medical schools if taking into account of the large population in the country.The number of medical schools per 10 million persons in China was only about one third of the world average level.The teaching quality of some medical colleges is not satisfactory,and the quantity of highly qualified medical colleges is insufficient.Some other weakness also exist,including large scale of enrollment per school,mal-distribution of medical schools in different regions and lack of a professional administration entity at the national level.Conclusions China should improve the top-level design and making a national development plan for construction and development of medical schools.Multiple approaches should be taken to steadily increase the number of medical schools.A national organization for professional administration should be established to improve the macro management of medical schools.Finally,Chinese government should play a crucial role in facilitating the construction of medical schools in developing areas.