劳动资料数字化发展背景下资本主义劳动关系的新变化——基于马克思主义政治经济学视角的分析

New Changes of Capitalist Labor Relations under the Background of Labor Material Digitalization——From the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

劳动资料数字化发展的本质是马克思所论述的工业革命时期机器应用的升级和扩展,其所引发的劳资矛盾运动仍处于马克思主义政治经济学的逻辑框架之中。劳动资料数字化发展不仅使资本主义劳动过程呈现规模数据资源化、生产体系智能化、市场流通平台化的新特征,极大地提高生产力水平;还使资本主义劳动关系发生了新变化,即资本的逐利性使其趋向于通过智能化生产强制劳动,利用平台规则设定支配劳动,占有用户数据并以此控制劳动,从而加深了劳动对资本的实质从属。当前,我国劳动资料数字化正在快速推进,应采取相应措施,建立健全应对机制,推动劳动资料数字化与劳动关系的协调发展。

The essence of the digital development of labor material is the upgrading and expansion of machine application in the period of industrial revolution discussed by Marx,and the contradiction movement between labor and capital caused by it is still in the logical framework of Marxist political economy. The digital development of labor material makes the capitalist labor process present the new characteristics: the resourcization of scale data,the intellectualization of manufacturing system and the platformization of market circulation,and which greatly improves the level of productivity. New changes have also taken place in capitalist labor relations: the profit seeking nature of capital makes it tend to force labor through intelligent production,dominate labor by using platform rules,and control labor by occupying user data. Thus,it deepens the substantial subordination of labor to capital. At present,the digitization of labor material in China is advancing rapidly,we should take corresponding measures,and establish a sound response mechanism to promote the coordinated development of labor material digitization and labor relations.