数字资本主义与劳动价值论的新课题

Digital Capitalism and the New Subject of Labor Theory of Value

数字技术对资本主义生产过程和积累方式产生了重要影响。数字资本作为一种支配性力量,推动了资本积累。数字化信息网络生产系统具有更强的将劳资双方及消费者整合在资方控制下进行"合作"的能力。劳动主体通过劳动过程创造了劳动产品的价值,劳动过程、劳动主体和劳动产品是价值创造的三要素。从劳动过程来看,数字劳动的出现丰富了劳动的内涵和外延;从劳动主体来看,"以用户为中心"的模式所产生的"产消合一"者成为价值创造的主体之一;从劳动产品来看,创新性活劳动所创造的新价值和原有数字化生产资料旧价值的转移共同构成了无形数字商品的总价值。面对数字资本主义条件下的价值问题,马克思的劳动价值论仍然具有科学性和现实阐释力。与此同时,数字资本主义的发展也为劳动价值论的进一步发展提出了新的课题,有必要对劳动的内涵、价值创造的主体及商品价值衡量等问题作出新的思考。

Digital technology has an important impact on capitalist production process and accumulation mode. As a dominant force,digital capital promotes capital accumulation. The digital information network production system has a stronger ability to integrate labor,capital and consumers under the control of management for “cooperation”. The labor subject creates the value of the labor product through the labor process. The labor process,the labor subject and the labor product are the three elements of value creation. From the perspective of labor process,the emergence of digital labor has enriched the connotation and extension of labor. From the perspective of labor subject,the “prosumers”produced by the “user-centered”model has become one of the subjects of value creation. From the perspective of labor products,the new value created by innovative active labor and the transfer of the old value of the original digital means of production constitute the total value of intangible digital goods. Facing the value problem under the condition of digital capitalism,Marx’s labor theory of value still has scientific and realistic explanatory power. At the same time,the development of digital capitalism has put forward new topics for the further development of the labor theory of value. It is necessary to make new reflections on the connotation of labor,the subject of value creation and the measurement of commodity value.