基于电动汽车参与调峰定价策略的区域电网两阶段优化调度

Two-Stage Optimal Dispatching of Regional Power Grid Based on Electric Vehicles’ Participation in Peak-Shaving Pricing Strategy

针对电动汽车(EV)和风电、光伏等新能源发电大规模入网造成的功率波动、调度成本过高以及运行稳定性差等问题,该文提出一种基于电动汽车参与调峰定价策略的区域电网两阶段优化调度方案。首先,根据EV负荷运行特性进行分类,分别建立刚性、可调度、灵活型和智能换电四种EV负荷模型;其次,考虑EV参与调峰的各项成本,基于模糊层次分析法(FAHP),给出EV调峰定价策略;然后基于该策略对区域电网进行两阶段优化调度。在第一阶段以负荷峰谷差最小为目标,并在此目标下对EV调峰定价进行决策,以降低电力系统调峰容量调整区域电网负荷分布;在第二阶段依托第一阶段得到的调峰定价曲线,以EV用户充电费用最小为目标安排EV负荷。最后利用算例仿真验证了EV参与调峰的有效性、合理性以及该定价策略的经济性。

In response to problems such as power fluctuations,high dispatching cost and poor operation stability caused by the large-scale access of electric vehicles(EV),wind power,photovoltaics and other new energy power generation to the grid,this paper proposes a strategy,two-stage optimized dispatching plan for the regional power grid,based on the participation of EV in peak shaving.Firstly,classify according to the EV load operating characteristics,and establish four EV load models:rigid,schedulable,flexible,and smart swapping;secondly,considering the cost of EV participation in peak shaving,and giving EV peak shaving pricing strategy based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP);then based on this strategy,a two-stage optimal dispatching of the regional power grid is carried out.In the first stage,the goal is to minimize the load peak-valley difference,and to make decisions on EV peak shaving pricing under this target,so as to reduce the peak shaving capacity of the power system and adjust the regional grid load distribution;in the second stage,relying on the peak shaving pricing curve obtained in the first stage,the EV load is arranged with the goal of minimizing the charging cost of EV users;finally,a simulation example is used to verify the effectiveness and rationality of EV participation in peak shaving and the economics of the pricing strategy.