新型冠状病毒等病原体空气消毒技术综述

Air disinfection for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens:A review

重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV)和新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)等病原体引发的相关疾病已经多次给全球人类造成灾难。气溶胶是这些病原体传播的重要途径,快速高效的空气消毒对切断病原体传播至关重要。低温等离子体消毒技术是一种新型消毒技术,已被证明可灭活多种细菌、真菌、病毒、孢子等微生物,由于其高效消杀能力及环境友好性,受到越来越多的关注。根据消毒技术中的关键因素,可将其分为物理消毒技术、化学消毒技术和综合消毒技术,该文总结了各种消毒技术的消毒机理、适用场景、研究现状和特点,以及各种技术应用于新型冠状病毒等病原体消毒的最新研究进展,重点分析了等离子体消毒技术用于中央空调空气消毒的关键技术和应用前景,最后以清华大学工字厅为例,证明了本研究团队研发的面放电等离子体消毒技术的实用性,为进一步拓展应用奠定了基础。该技术的实际应用对于当前疫情防控及今后构建国家生物安全体系有重要意义。

SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens have caused many pandemics in the world. These pathogens are often spread as aerosols in the air. Thus, fast, efficient air disinfection is essential for effectively limiting the spread of the pathogens. A low temperature plasma disinfection method that deactivates many kinds of bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores and other microorganisms has attracted much attention due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness. Disinfection methods can be divided into physical disinfection, chemical disinfection and comprehensive disinfection based on their key factors. This paper reviews the disinfection mechanisms, application scenarios, development progress and other characteristics of various disinfection methods. The review then focuses on the application of these technologies to the disinfection of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 with emphasis on plasma disinfection including the key methods and prospects of plasma disinfection in central air conditioning systems. Finally, the Gong Zi Ting performance center of Tsinghua University is used as an example to show the practicality of this surface discharge plasma disinfection method as an example for further applications. This method can significantly improve epidemic prevention and control, as well as the construction of national biosafety systems.