赣鄱流域书院园林景观空间营造艺术特色

Artistic Characteristics of Landscape Space Construction of Academy Gardens in the Ganpo Basin

以赣鄱流域4处典型的书院园林为例,明确了书院园林景观具有自然环境景观、人工环境景观与文化环境景观3种类型,分析了其环境景观空间营造的艺术特色,并得出以下结论:1)特别注重周边自然环境景观的选择,具有法天象地之道、形胜的风水环境观与多沿赣鄱流域主要水系及其支流而设等特点;2)通过不同园林要素的空间布局、建筑院落的巧妙处理,形成具有规整的轴线、明确的功能分区与"礼乐教化"氛围的人工建筑环境空间,以此渲染书院园林的环境氛围;3)点缀楹联石刻等文化环境景观,突显书院"积极入世"的儒家思想。

The four typical academy gardens in the Ganpo Basin are taken as examples,clearing about the academy garden landscape with natural landscape,artificial landscape and cultural landscape,analyzing their artistic features of environment landscape space,and drawing the following conclusions.Firstly,the academy gardens in the Ganpo Basin put special emphasis on the selection of surrounding natural environment landscape.The site selection has the characteristics of the way of follow astronomical phenomena field,favorable situation with geomancy environment view,and distribution along the main stream and its tributaries in the Ganpo Basin.Secondly,through the spatial layout of different garden elements and the clever treatment of architectural courtyards,the artificial architectural environment space with regular axes,clear functional zoning and "moralization" atmosphere is formed to render the environment atmosphere of academy gardens.Thirdly,the academy gardens highlight the Confucian thought of "actively entering society" by embellishing cultural environment landscapes such as couplets and stone carvings.