考虑群组运动的医疗建筑疏散模拟研究

Simulation of Evacuation of Medical Buildings Considering Group Movement

为了研究医疗建筑内人群疏散规律,分析群组疏散模式对人群疏散的影响,通过Pathfinder疏散软件仿真模拟的方法研究了一栋5层医疗建筑内人员疏散规律。模拟结果表明:随着群组成员间的最大距离d增加,人群疏散时间和人群的拥堵时间呈现减小的趋势。尤其是最大距离由1.0 m改变到1.5 m这个过程,疏散时间下降得最明显。在最大距离超过2 m之后,人群的疏散时间变化不大。在d=0.5 m和d=1.0 m的情况下,人群在楼梯间的拥堵情况比平面拥堵更为严重。随着病患比例的增加,人群疏散时间呈现增加的趋势,不论患者比例为多大,70%的行人拥堵时间在45~65 s。可见在医疗建筑疏散系统设计及疏散引导方面均需要考虑到群组运动带来的不利影响。

In order to study the rules of crowd evacuation in medical buildings and analyze the influence of group evacuation mode on crowd evacuation,the Pathfinder evacuation software was used to investigate evacuation rules in a five-story medical building.The simulation results show that with the increase of the maximum distance d between group members,the crowd evacuation time and the crowd congestion time show a decreasing trend.Especially when the maximum distance is changed from 1.0 m to 1.5 m,the evacuation time drops most obviously.When the maximum distance exceeds 2 m,the evacuation time of the crowd does not change much.In the case of d=0.5 m and d=1.0 m,the crowd congestion in the stairwell is more serious than that in the plane.With the increase of the proportion of patients,the crowd evacuation time shows an increasing trend.No matter how large the proportion of patients is,70%of the pedestrian congestion time is 45~65 s.It is concluded that the adverse effects of group movement should be taken into account in the evacuation system design and evacuation guidance of medical buildings.