城市人居环境质量评价指标体系的应用探索——基于城市体检试点的实践

Study on the Application of the Index System of Urban Human Settlements Quality Evaluation:Based on the Practice of Pilot Cities

文章系统梳理了人居环境质量评价的研究进展,收集了国内外典型案例,从重点内容、评价对象、评价方法、数据来源等方面进行了研究。在此基础上构建了由7个目标层、23个准则层和34个指标层组成的城市人居环境质量评价指标体系,并在2019年城市体检试点工作中进行了应用。实践证明城市人居环境质量评价指标体系作为一个以应用为导向的研究成果,能够客观展现城市建设发展中的问题,同时在应用过程中部分指标在数据获取、评价频次等方面出现不适应地方现状的情况,城市人居环境质量评价指标体系将随着2020年的体检实践继续调整。

As a basic issue related to human survival and development,the human settlements quality has always been one of the core topics of urban research.It is a milestone that the“Science of Human Settlements’proposed by Professor WU Liangyong.In the context of the Chinese government’s increasing attention on the ecological civilization construction,“urban physical examination”has been proposed as a tool to evaluate the quality of urban human settlements in 2019.This paper aims to form an urban human settlements quality evaluation index system by sorting out the theoretical research and practical work of human settlements quality evaluation.Also,it has been tested in the pilot cities of urban physical examination in 2019.The problems in the process of urban construction and development will be reveled through multi-source data analysis on the index system.The study also aims to make recommendations for urban governance.The article systematically reviewed literature on evaluation of human settlements quality.We collected and analyzed typical practice on index systems from several aspects,such as key contents,evaluation objects,methods and data sources.Based on this,an indicator system of evaluation urban human settlements quality consisting of 7 targets,23 criterion levels and 34 indicators was constructed and applied in the pilot cities of 2019.The 7 targets are the main contents of the evaluation of the human settlements quality,including ecological livability,urban characteristics,convenient transportation,comfortable living,diversity and tolerance,safety and resilience,and urban vitality.A standard of the indicator system was given based on the objective and subjective weighting methods and the weight of each indicator was involved by the entropy value method.In each target layer,2~3 core indicators which were determined by using the Delphi method were increased the weight.Through analyzing the indicator system in the pilot cities,it illustrates the following characteristics.First,the human settlements quality in the pilot cities showed obvious differences in different urban scale and region location.The development quality of large cities is generally higher than that of small and medium-sized cities;the development quality of eastern coastal cities is generally higher than that of northeastern,central and western cities.Secondly,the pilot cities have generally shown good construction results in the ecologically livable part.Third,the construction and development problems of the pilot cities are relatively concentrated in the aspects of urban characteristics,convenient transportation,and comfortable living,especially in the aspects of urban cultural identity,green transportation,and community public services.Fourth,the indicators supplemented by the pilot cities are clearly focused on the three target levels of ecological livability,convenient transportation and urban vitality,especially ecological livability.In the application process,the indicator system also showed some controversies:firstly,the indicator has a certain advanced and experimental nature,which led to the phenomenon of poor accessibility of some indicators,especially in the comfortable living part.Secondly,the acquisition of indicator data emphasizes the use of official data and statistical data,supplemented by multi-source big data.This is also in line with the general law of relevant cases,but there is a gap between official data and social big data for some indicators.Third,the“urban physical examination”is planned to carry out once a year,but the human settlements quality evaluation system under study does not emphasize the frequency of data.Therefore,the annual changes of some indicators are not obvious in the current indicator system.As an application-oriented research,the index system was proved to objectively display urban problems.During the application,some indicators were not suitable for the local status quo in terms of data acquisition and evaluation frequency,and the index system will be adjusted with the practice in 2020.In addition to directly serving the evaluation system,the urban human settlements quality evaluation system is one of the core contents of urban governance modernization.Therefore,the urban human settlements evaluation index system is also one of the effective means of urban governance,which can be used to explore the innovation of urban governance system by more objective technical support.