城市地下空间连通方式的演变及其模式研究

Study on the Evolution and Spatial Pattern of Urban Underground Space Connection

尽管逐年提升的城市地下空间开发量可以缓解城市拥堵、环境恶化等城市问题,但因缺乏系统规划导致目前城市地下空间之间孤立、无次序、衔接和连通不足成为目前城市地下空间利用的主要矛盾之一。为进一步明晰城市地下连通空间产生机制、发展机理、促进机制和组织架构,构建城市地下空间连通的基础理论,通过辨析与"连通空间"的概念明晰城市地下空间连通的内涵;基于城市地下空间连通空间特征演变和限制因素剖析地下空间连通空间演变机制及其对城市空间整体协调发展的积极作用,发现"地铁+"是促进城市地下空间连通的重要途径;提出"地铁+商业"和"地铁+公服"两类城市地下空间连通模式及其架构,并展望未来城市地下空间连通的发展趋势。本研究结果为探明城市地下空间连通方式发展规律、促进城市地下空间整体性和连续性提升、指导现阶段城市地下空间科学发展提供理论指引。

Although the yearly increase in the amount of urban underground space development can alleviate urban problems such as urban congestion and environmental degradation,the lack of systematic planning has led to isolation,disorder,inadequate articulation and connectivity between urban underground spaces,which is currently one of the main contradictions in the use of urban underground space.Under the background of three-dimensional urban space,it is difficult to meet the requirements of urban spatial system integrity and continuity by purely vertical three-dimensional development of urban space,and underground connected space is an important foundation for the publicization of urban underground space.This study aims to clarify the mechanisms,development mechanisms,facilitation mechanisms and organizational structures of urban underground connected spaces,and to develop a basic theory of urban underground space connectivity.The papaer identifies the concepts of linked space and connected space in order to clarify the connotation of urban underground space connectivity.Connected space refers to a type of underground physical space built to connect various types of underground space in different plots,different functions and various construction timetables.Generally speaking,the underground space of rail transit stations is intensively developed and has a variety of connectivity modes,while the underground space of non-rail transit is connected in a smaller way and on a lower scale.With the increase in the amount of urban underground space development,the underground space has gradually developed from the initial scattered and independent construction with a single function to the current stage of development with expanded scale,diversified functions and an increasing emphasis on interconnectivity.In the future,a networked underground public space system is the trend for underground space development in key urban regions.The aforementioned interconnected development of underground spaces is one of the important means of facilitating the formation of such an underground space system.The main drivers for the evolution of the characteristics of urban underground space connectivity are enhancing the fire resilience of underground space,increasing the commercial value of underground space,promoting regional underground space networks,and upgrading urban vitality and environmental quality.The role of urban underground connectivity in the overall harmonious development of urban space is mainly reflected in the promotion of underground space systems into a patchwork so as to give full play to their spatial and commercial value,and the development of underground space complexes that serve as a link between the underground space of the city center and provide commercial and public space for the region.Thus,it is found that better connectivity is conducive to improving the overall economic benefits of urban underground space.Based on the evolution of the characteristics and constraints of the connected urban underground space,it analyzes the evolution mechanism of the connected underground space and its positive effect on the overall coordinated development of urban space.It is found that the development of connected urban underground spaces is mainly influenced by factors such as rail lines,underground pipeline corridors,complex geological environments and construction technology.The spatial characteristics and modes of connectivity differ due to the differences in the functions undertaken and the roles played by the different attributes of the underground space connectivity.“Metro+”has been identified as one of the most important ways to promote underground space connectivity in cities.Its connectivity modes include five types of connectivity:metro-metro connectivity,metro-underground commercial connectivity,metro-underground complex connectivity,metro-underground parking connectivity,metro-underground public space connectivity,etc.It mainly consists of two types of urban underground space connectivity architecture systems:“metro+commercial”and“metro+public service”.This paper also foresees the future development trend of urban underground space connectivity.It will be enhanced in four ways:functional diversity,modal complexity,spatial three-dimensionality and morphological networking.At present,in the context of the lack of unified planning for the construction of underground space in cities,the different timing of construction and the lack of interconnection,connected underground space is the basis for realizing underground space planning in the true sense of the word and is also fundamental to reflecting the level,value and quality of urban underground space development.The evolution of underground space connectivity characteristics is a true reflection of the exploration of urban underground space planning.On the one hand,the development and construction of underground space connectivity promote the integrity of the city’s future spatial system and the formation of an urban underground space system.On the other hand,the underground space connectivity’s continuous enrichment of its internal functions and spatial forms also indicates its commercial value.The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for exploring the development of urban underground space connectivity patterns,promoting the integrity and continuity of urban underground space,and guiding the scientific development of urban underground space at this stage.It also guides future urban underground space planning and the development of underground space between plots.