跨国破产司法协助中的推定互惠问题研究

Research on the Presumptive Reciprocity in the Judicial Assistance of Transnational Bankruptcy

我国《企业破产法》对跨国破产司法协助与合作中的互惠问题仅有简单规定。在没有条约互惠时,固守事实互惠易于导致互惠目的落空;采用推定互惠则更符合效率原则,有利于保护债权人利益,有助于打破司法合作的僵局,有利于营商环境的优化。推定互惠的适用应结合对方国家以往是否存在拒绝我国法院裁决的先例、两国司法协助制度的异同、两国间经贸往来的现状等因素加以综合考量。推定互惠需要反制措施和证明责任作为其适用的配套制度。

China's"Corporate Bankruptcy Law"has only simple provisions on the reciprocity issues in transnational bankruptcy judicial assistance and cooperation.When there is no treaty reciprocity,sticking to the facts of reciprocity can easily lead to the failure of reciprocity;Presumptive reciprocity is more in line with the principle of efficiency,which is conducive to protecting the interests of creditors,helping to break the deadlock in judicial cooperation,and optimizing the business environment.The application of the presumptive reciprocity should be comprehensively considered in the context of whether the other country’s previous precedents for rejecting Chinese court rulings,the similarities and differences between the two countries’judicial assistance systems,and the current status of economic and trade exchanges between the two countries.Presumptive reciprocity requires countermeasures and burden of proof as its applicable supporting system.