短视频平台的版权侵权责任新论——从“通知-删除”到“通知-屏蔽”

A New Theory on Copyright Infringement Liability of Short Video Platforms-From Notice-and-Takedown to Notice-and-Staydown

在传统的“通知-删除”规则下,短视频平台中版权人的权益难以得到保障,平台上侵权短视频泛滥的问题也日益严峻。欧盟在2019年通过的《单一数字市场版权指令》中明确规定了在线内容分享服务商的版权过滤义务,美国版权局也于2020年发布《“避风港”第512条款的研究报告》,提出了内含版权过滤义务的“通知-屏蔽”规则。立法确认的版权过滤义务及过滤技术为“通知-删除”规则向“通知-屏蔽”规则发展与改进提供了可能,使平台预防和治理侵权视频的能力获得极大提升。鉴于我国短视频平台现状,我国可有借鉴、有创新地引入“通知-屏蔽”规则,通过设定合理的过滤标准和错误屏蔽的救济机制等措施使该规则具有可适用性,从而进一步强化短视频行业的平台治理,有效规范网络版权行业。

Under the traditional"Notice-and-Takedown"rule,the rights and interests of copyright holders in short video platforms are difficult to be guaranteed,and the problem of infringement of short video platforms is increasingly serious.In 2019,the EU adopted the Single Digital Market Copyright Directive,which clearly stipulated the copyright filtering obligations of online content sharing service providers.In 2020,the US Copyright Office also released a study report on Article 512 of"Safe Harbor",which proposed a"Notice-and-Staydown"rule containing copyright filtering obligations.The copyright filtration obligations and copyright filtration technology recognized by the legislation provide the possibility for the development and improvement of the"Notice-and-Takedown"rule to the"Notice-and-Staydown"rule,and greatly improve the platform's ability to prevent and rectify infringing short videos.In view of the current situation of short video platforms in China,we can learn from and creatively introduce the"Notice-and-Staydown"rule and make the rule applicable by setting reasonable filtering standards and relief mechanism for error shielding,so as to further strengthen the platform governance of short video industry and effectively regulate the network copyright industry.