检视与修正:行政程序轻微违法司法审查标准之构建——以500篇行政判决书为分析样本

Review and Correction:Construction of Judicial Review Standards of Minor Violation of Administrative Procedures-T aking 500 Administrative Judgments as the Analysis Sample

2014年修正的《行政诉讼法》中增加了“行政程序轻微违法”的规定,该条款在实践中被广泛适用,但其审查标准存在争议。从法条变化入手,借助实证分析方法,总结行政程序轻微违法的司法困境,尝试从立场价值、构成要件、裁判规范三个从抽象到具体层面重构行政程序轻微违法司法审判标准,立场选择上,强调“重实体、重程序”和司法适度能动;要件上,明确“行政程序违法+未对重要程序性权利产生实质性损害+不可能影响行政决定的正确性”三要件;规范构建上,强化裁判说理,裁判结果从“确认行为违法”转向“确认程序违法”。

The newly revised Administrative Procedure Law in 2014 added the provision of"minor violation of administrative procedure",which has been widely applied in practice,but its review standard is controversial.From the perspective of changes in legal terms,we should summarize the judicial dilemma in empirical research method,and restructure judicial standards of minor violation of administrative procedures in terms of position choice,constituent elements and justice norms.In terms of position choice,we should emphasizes"entity and procedure"and appropriate judicial initiative;in terms of constituent elements,we should clarify the three elements of"illegal administrative procedure,no material damage to important procedural rights,impossible to affect the correctness of administrative decisions";in terms of justice norms,we should strengthen the reasoning of the justice,and the justice results change from"confirming that the behavior is illegal"to"confirming that the procedure is illegal".