高中生物理问题解决中错误类型及成因的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Types and Causes of Errorsin High School Students′ Physics Issues Solving

分析学生物理问题解决过程中的错误类型及成因有助于改进物理问题解决教学、提高学生物理问题解决能力.学生在解决物理问题时主要的错误类型可分为理解性错误、思维性错误和数学性错误3类,运用自制《学生物理错题错因反思单》展开的实证研究表明,学生的主要错因依次为“不理解概念、规律”“运算错误”“不理解题意”“缺乏解题方法”等,且不同分数段的学生错因分布特点不同.因此,教学中要及时了解学情,科学进行学法指导;重视过程,扎实搞好物理概念、规律教学;深度研讨,切实进行审题方法训练;数理结合,灵活培养数理逻辑思维能力.

Analyzing the types and causes of errors in students physics problem solving is helpful to improve the teaching of physics problem solving and students ability of physics problem solving.The main types of students errors in solving physics problems can be divided into three types:understanding errors,thinking errors and mathematical errors,The empirical research based on the self-made“Reflection list of Students Physics errors”shows that the main errors of students are“not understanding concepts and laws”,“miscalculation”,“not understanding the meaning of questions”,“lack of problem-solving methods”and so on,and the distribution characteristics of the errors of students with different scores are different.Therefore,in teaching,we should timely know the learning situation and guide the learning method scientifically.Attach importance to the process,do a solid job in physics concept,law teaching;In-depth discussion,conduct practical training of analytical methods;Combination of mathematics and physics,flexible training of mathematical logic thinking ability.