近代中国钢铁技术转移的路径选择

The Path Choice of Iron and Steel Technology Transfer in Modern China

技术转移需要充分考量技术环境的适应性。在近代钢铁技术发展的初始阶段,新技术的发明和推广运用随着生产实践经验的积累和社会环境的改善以渐进发展的形式实现,传统技术与新兴技术往往形成一个技术共同体。近代早期日本钢铁技术转移的实践启示着我们,在新技术孕育成长的初期,需要充分考虑传统技术的价值,采取一种“渐变”的技术演进路径。这可以有效降低或规避强制植入新技术引发的风险。近代中国,传统冶铁业具有顽强的适应力,传统冶铁技术仍有生存空间。以汉阳铁厂为代表的近代化钢铁企业在实施技术转移的过程中,一度轻视旧有技术的价值,不仅造成大量靡费,还使生产经营遭遇重大挑战,最终走上对传统技术进行适应性改造的道路。实践证明:在中国钢铁技术转移的起步时期,“土洋结合”为特定阶段合理的路径选择。

Technology transfer needs to fully consider the adaptability of the technological environment.In the initial stage of the development of modern iron and steel technology,the invention,popularization and application of new technologies were realized in the form of progressive development with the accumulation of practical production experience and the improvement of social environment,and then traditional and emerging technologies often formed a technological community.The practice of steel technology transfer in Modern Japan provides a good example.In the early stage of the breeding and growth of new technologies,we need to fully consider the value of traditional technologies and adopt a“gradual change”of technological evolution path.In this way,risks caused by forced implantation of new technologies can be effectively reduced or avoided.In Modern China,the traditional iron smelting industry has been resilient and still has room for survival.In the process of technology transfer in modern China,the iron and steel enterprises which represented by Hanyang Iron Works once despised the value of traditional technology,not only caused a lot of waste,but also led to production and operation challenges.However,it finally embarked on the road of adaptive transformation of traditional technology.Practice has proved that in the initial period of China's iron and steel technology transfer,“the combination of local and foreign”is a reasonable path choice for a specific stage.