2010-2020年广西新发现麻风病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of leprosy cases newly detected in Guangxi from 2010 to 2020

目的:分析2010-2020年广西新发现麻风病例的流行特征。方法:描述性分析2010-2020年广西全区在全国麻风防治管理信息系统中上报的新发现麻风病例的病历资料。结果:2010-2020年,广西麻风新发病例年发现率从0.13/10^(5)降至0.06/10^(5),年均下降7.1%;共发现新发麻风病例499例,其中男333例,女166例,平均年龄(44.16±16.87)岁,儿童病例12例(2.4%);2级畸残98例(19.6%),平均延迟期为27个月,早期发现比例为31.9%。发现方式以皮肤科就诊为主(347例,占69.5%),通过接触者检查发现占8.8%,传染源来自家内的病例占27.3%。14个市均有新发病例报道,百色、河池、崇左3个市报告的病例数占广西病例总数的51.9%。结论:广西新发现麻风病例数呈下降趋势,但新发病例的平均延迟期较长,需加强接触者检查、皮肤科医师培训等工作以便早期发现病例。

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological features of leprosy cases newly detected in Guangxi from 2010 to 2020.Methods:The incidence data of leprosy in Guangxi from 2010 to 2020 were collected from Leprosy Management Information System in China for a descriptive analyses.Results:The leprosy incidence decreased from 0.13/10^(5) in 2010 to 0.06/10^(5) in 2020,and the average annual decline rate was 7.1%.A total of 499 leprosy cases newly detected were reported in Guangxi from 2010 to 2020,including 333(66.7%) males,166(33.3%) females,12(2.4%) children,and 98(19.6%) cases with grade 2 disabilities.The average age of the cases was 44.16±16.87.The mean delay period of new cases was 27 months,and the rate of early detection was 31.9%.69.5% of the cases were detected through the examination at dermatology clinics,and 8.8% cases were found through detection on contacts,27.3% of the cases had a history of household contact.Leprosy cases were reported in all the prefectures of Guangxi,the new cases detected in Baise,Hechi and Chongzuo accounting for 51.9%.Conclusion:The number of newly detected leprosy cases reduced annually in Guangxi from 2010 to 2020,but efforts in early detection of new cases,such as contact examination and the training for dermatologist,should be strengthened to avoid delayed diagnosis.