“生命政治”的道德哲学基础论证

On the Moral Philosophical Basis of“Life Politics”

只有意识到自己的生命并试图使自己的生命焕发光彩的有生命者,才会把自己的生命看作是最大的“政治”,人就是这样的生命存在者。每个人都是有理性的存在者,他不但把自己而且也必须把他人视作目的而不仅仅是手段,即不把自己等同于一般的物件,因而具有人格性。理性和人格构成了“生命政治”的道德哲学基础。为“生命政治”进行道德哲学基础的奠基,内在地以系统论奠基和生成论奠基两种范式,前者将理性和人格性视作生命政治的道德基础,后者将这个基础扩展为生命者自身的自我呵护、自我持存,主体间以非政治的方式相互呵护、相互促进,国家和政府以政治的方式即以创造和分配公共善的方式实现生命的身体之善、外在之善和灵魂之善;实现“生命政治”的这三种方式,不是断裂的、分割的而是相互嵌入、相互促进的方式;在义务论的意义上,就是自我义务、相互义务和国家义务。在普遍交换、广泛交往和公共生活已经成为根本的社会形态时,国家之于“生命政治”的意义已经完全突破了自我呵护的有限性、民间互助的地域性,而具有了最大的公共性,在全球性的公共卫生危机突袭人类社会的时候,国家作为就更具有整个人类的意义。在公共卫生危机严重威胁个体生命的场域下,如何在资本、权力和生命之间进行价值排序,直接决定着国家的道义性和正义性程度。一个国家的合理性和进步性程度不是靠承诺,更不是靠强制性的伦理辩护而定,而是视其实现道义和正义价值的程度而定。

Only those who are aware of their lives and try to make their lives glow will regard their lives as the greatest“politics”,and people are such life beings.Everyone is a rational being,so he has personality.Rationality and personality constitute the moral philosophical basis of“life politics”.To lay the foundation of moral philosophy for“life politics”,there are two paradigms:system theory and generative theory.The three ways to realize“life politics”are not broken and divided,but em⁃bedded and promoted each other.In the sense of obligation theory,it is self obligation,mutual obli⁃gation and state obligation.When universal exchange,extensive communication and public life have become the fundamental social forms,the significance of the state to“life politics”has completely broken through the limitation of self-care and the regionality of folk mutual assistance,and has the greatest publicity.As a state,it has the significance of the whole mankind.In the field where the public health crisis seriously threatens individual life,the rationality and progress of a country de⁃pends not on commitment,but on the degree to which it realizes the value of morality and justice.