论马克思空间分析的现象学之维--兼论马克思与空间现象学的对话

On the phenomenological dimension of Marx’s spatial analysis--On the dialogue between Marx and space Phenomenology

马克思的空间分析呈现出自觉的现象学意识,具体表现在:一是对于身体与空间的现象学描述。空间不是作为身体之外的被动的容器,而是人的身体参与其中的差异化场域,人是以身体为中介进行感性活动的,人的身体的丰富性通向感性的丰富性。二是对客观空间的现象学批判。马克思将空间阐释为一种社会历史的产物,空间的发生学本身就是历史的发生学,空间不只是物理学意义上的实体空间,更是具有主体向度的目的—意志空间、文化—想象空间、一种情感—体验空间。三是关于显现和隐藏的辩证法。空间的直观经验只是马克思空间分析的起点,马克思真正要做的就是从空间的非反思的显现方式,进入到空间的本质的显现方式,消解空间直观经验所给予的不透明的外观,从而使它隐藏的部分得以显现。四是资本权力与差异化空间的释放。资本开启了一个普遍的同质化的空间生产的时代,重建差异化的空间就是扬弃空间生产的资本逻辑,恢复人与空间多维的感性关系。马克思与空间现象学的对话只能限定在方法论以及由这个方法论指引的实践旨趣上,在具体的致思逻辑和实践路径上,马克思与空间现象学的对话呈现出本质性的困境,这体现在关于空间意识的发生学场域的不同理解和关于空间批判的实践归宿的差异。

Marx’s spatial analysis presents a conscious phenomenological consciousness,which is embod⁃ied in the following aspects:first,the phenomenological description of body and space.Space is not a passive container outside the body,but a differentiated field in which human body participates.Human beings carry out perceptual activities through the body,and the richness of human body leads to the rich⁃ness of perceptual;Second,the phenomenological criticism of objective space.Marx interprets space as a product of social history.The genesis of space itself is the genesis of history.Space is not only the physi⁃cal space,but also the purpose will space,culture imagination space and emotion experience space with subject dimension;The third is about the dialectics of appearance and concealment.The intuitive experi⁃ence of space is only the starting point of Marx’s spatial analysis.What Marx really wants to do is to go from the non-reflective manifestation of space to the manifestation of the essence of space,and eliminate the opaque appearance given by the intuitive experience of space,so that the hidden part can be re⁃vealed;Fourth,the release of capital power and differentiation space.Capital has opened a universal era of homogeneous space production.To reconstruct differentiated space is to sublate the capital logic of space production and restore the multi-dimensional perceptual relationship between human and space.The dialogue between Marx and phenomenology of space can only be limited to methodology and the practical purport guided by this methodology.In the specific thinking logic and practical path,the dia⁃logue between Marx and phenomenology of space presents an essential dilemma,which is reflected in the different understanding of the generative field of space consciousness and the different practical destina⁃tion of space criticism.