宋代两湖兴学力量与地方官学的兴衰

School-Running Promotors in Hunan and Hubei and the Rise and Fall of Local Official Schools in the Song Dynasty

北宋建立后,先后进行了三次较大规模的兴学活动,极大地推动了地方官学的发展。南宋初,由于战乱,地方官学遭到严重损毁,后又陆续恢复重建。两宋时期,两湖地方官学也经历了从草创到兴盛的发展过程。两湖地方官学的发展离不开兴学力量的积极参与。这股兴学力量主要包括州县主官、教职人员、地方士绅等,他们秉持"教学为先"的理念,尽职尽责,主动兴学,推动了州县学的发展。但是也存在忽视州县学发展的情况,其表现较为多元,最主要的就是对地方官学的轻视与执行上的懈怠。此外还有诸如因政务繁忙无暇兼顾地方官学、经费不足只能听之任之等客观原因,对地方官学的发展带来了不利影响。

After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty,there were three large-scale learning promotion activities,which greatly drove the development of local official schools.In the early Southern Song Dynasty,local official schools were seriously damaged due to the war,and later restored and rebuilt.During the Song Dynasty,the local official schools of Hunan and Hubei also experienced the development process from start to prosperity.The development of local official schools in Hunan and Hubei cannot be separated from the active participation of county officials,faculty,local gentry,etc.They upheld the concept of "education first",fulfilled their due diligence,took the initiative to establish schools,and promote the development of local official schools.However,there were also some drawbacks,such as the contempt and slack implementation of local official schools.In addition,there were objective reasons such as insufficient management due to government affairs and lack of funds,which had adverse effect on the development of local official schools.