西江流域历史聚落的迷宫文化图式与防御性关系研究

RESEARCH ON LABYRINTHINE CULTURAL PATTERNS AND DEFENSIVE RELATIONS IN HISTORICAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE XIJIANG RIVER BASIN

基于对文献、地图、田野、航拍图像等的分析,发现了西江流域部分具有历史特色的聚落。通过对其形态、起源、选址、防御措施等的深化分析,得出西江流域迷宫文化图式聚落的相似性。此类型聚落的建村历史相似,选址理念相近,同样运用了军事防御原理指导聚落建设,从而保障了聚落发展的完整和可持续性。鉴于迷宫图式聚落三种类型——纵横型迷宫图式、放射型迷宫图式、无序型迷宫图式的划分,对聚落迷宫文化图式与聚落防御的关系进行分析,发现两者均有边界围蔽、密集型肌理和错综复杂的道路系统等特点,聚落图式与防御形态有同构和耦合的关系。迷宫图式聚落的规划建设具有典型的防御性目的,通过迷宫图式及多种防御原理以保证聚落安全。西江流域的迷宫图式聚落表面是聚落形态对迷宫文化图式的趋同,本质是聚落对最佳防御方式、最优生存方式的探索,是在聚落形态图式层面对聚落最优生存方式的应对。

Some historical settlements with characteristics were found in the Xijiang River basin by an analysis of literatures,maps,fields and aerial photographies.Based on deep analysis of its forms,origins,site selection,defense measures,the similarity of labyrinthine cultural pattern settlements in the Xijiang River basin was obtained.The village construction of the settlements had a similar history and the concepts of sites were similar,and the military defense principles were also used to guide the settlement construction,which ensured the development of settlements complete and sustainable.The labyrinth patterns were divided by three types:vertical and horizontal,radial and disordered labyrinths.By an analysis of the relation between the cultural patterns of settlement labyrinths and settlement defense,it was found that both of them had the characteristics of boundary enclosing,intensive texture and complicated road systems,and the relation of isomorphism and coupling was between settlement patterns and defense forms.The planning and construction of labyrinthine pattern settlements had the typical defensive purposes,and the labyrinth patterns and various defense principles were used to ensure the security of settlements.The surface of the labyrinthine pattern settlements in the Xijiang River basin was the convergence of settlement forms to the labyrinthine culture patterns,and its essence was the exploration of the optimal mode of defense and survival for settlements,and the responses to the optimal survival mode of settlements at the level of settlement patterns.