社区生活圈视角下养老设施布局公平性研究

RESEARCH ON EQUITY OF ELDERLY CARE FACILITY DISTRIBUTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNITY LIFE CIRCLES

公共服务设施作为承载公共资源和社会公平的重要内容,其配套布局公平与否直接影响居民获取公共资源的公平程度。因此,立足于社区生活圈规划,在综合考虑服务水平、可达性、社会公平绩效等测度指标的基础上,基于ArcGIS平台构建社区生活圈养老设施布局公平性评价模型,并对长沙市雨花区养老设施布局进行公平性评价分析,结果表明:1)长沙市雨花区养老设施供给水平层次不齐,各单元服务水平差异大,呈现出沿南二环等道路圈层化递减特征;2)养老设施可获取程度(即可达性)各单元差异大,呈现从中心城区往外递减趋势;3)养老设施资源分布与老年人口分布之间存在"空间失配"现象,仅有少部分老年人口能够享受到较多的养老设施资源,同时设施服务水平与人均获取资源量间不对等。针对以上问题,建议实行"评价先行、空间单元分区、设施分级分类"的社区生活圈规划策略。

As an important content of public service facilities carrying public resources and social equity,the equity of distribution for the supporting facilities directly influences the equity of residents’ access to public resources.Therefore,based on the planning of community life circles and the comprehensive consideration of service levels,accessibility,social equity performances and other measurement indicators,a equity evaluation model was established for the distribution of elderly care facilities in community life circles based on the ArcGIS platform.The equity evaluation and analysis of the distribution of elderly care facilities in Yuhua District showed that:1) the supply level of elderly care facilities in Yuhua District of Changsha City was uneven,and the service level of each unit varied greatly,showing the characteristics of gradual decline along the South Second Ring Road and other roads;2) the accessible of elderly care facilities varied greatly between different service areas,showing a downward trend from the central urban area to the outskirts;3) there was a “spatial mismatch” between the distribution of elderly care facilities and the distribution of the elderly population,only a small number of the elderly people could enjoy more resources of elderly care facilities,and at the same time,the level of facility services and the number of per capita resources were not equal.In responses to the above problems,it was recommended to implement a planning strategy of community life circles,that was “evaluation first,partitions between service domains,facility classification”.