从边陲到“中央”:九一八事变前后中国知识界对东北的认知流变

From the Frontier to the“Center”:Changes in Chinese intellectuals'Cognition of Northeast China around the Mukden Incident

九一八事变前,日本在学术上对中国东北业已进行多年的研究,妄图在“学理”上将东北与中国割裂开来。面对如此严峻情形,以金毓黻、张伯苓等为代表的中国学人,一方面在话语上驳斥日方谬论,另一方面用具体研究与日本学界抗争。但是,纵观九一八事变前国内学界对东北的研究,多年来一直处于零散状态,始终没有形成气候。九一八事变后,日军迅速占领整个东北,中国知识界在总结与反思之余,开始着力研究东北,“东北学”一时间成为当时学界研究的“中央”。通过观察九一八事变前后中国知识界尤其是知识精英对东北的认知流变,能够看出其中的明显变化。因此,九一八事变可以看作是中国知识界对东北认知的重要分水岭。

Before the Mukden Incident,Japan had conducted academic research on Northeast China for many years,in an attempt to separate the Northeast China from China academically.Facing such a severe situation,scholars represented by Jin Yufu and Zhang Boling refuted Japanese fallacies in discourse on one hand,and contended the Japanese academic circle with specific research on the other hand.However,before the Mukden Incident,the domestic academic research on Northeast China had been in a fragmented state for many years,and there had never been a academic climate.After the Mukden Incident,the Japanese army quickly occupied the entire Northeast China.With summary and reflections on it,Chinese intellectuals began to focus on Northeast China,and for a moment the Northeastern Studies became the“center”of academic research.By observing the cognitive changes of the Chinese intellectuals,especially the intellectual elites,towards the Northeast China around the Mukden Incident,we can see the obvious changes.The Mukden Incident therefore can be regarded as an important watershed of Chinese intellectuals'cognition of Northeast China.