华北“治安强化运动”与华中“清乡运动”比较研究

A Comparative Study between the“Public Security-Reinforcement Campaign”in North China and the“Town-cleaning Campaign”in Central China

1941年,日本在中国华北和华中地区分别发动了“治安强化运动”和“清乡运动”。两者都是在日本对华战争处于相持阶段的背景下,为加强对占领区的控制,综合运用军事战、政治战、经济战、思想战所采取的措施,但在具体政策、手段上有所差异,“治安强化运动”将华北分为“治安区”“准治安区”“未治安区”,分区施策;“清乡运动”则是逐步展开,一个区域成功以后,再向其他区域扩展。这种差别主要是华北和华中地理环境不同、运动发动者不同及针对对象不同所致,而所产生的效果也有微妙区别。

In 1941,Japan launched respectively the“Public Security-Reinforcement Campaign”in North China and the“Town-cleaning Campaign”in Central China.Under the background of the stalemate stage of the war of aggression against China,both are measures to strengthen the control of the occupied areas with comprehensive military,political,economic,and ideological warfare.However,they differed from each other in terms of the concrete policies and methods.The“Public Security-Reinforcement Campaign”divided North China into Public Security Zone,Public Security-To-Be Zone and Non-Public Security Zone,and adapted measures tailored to specific zone conditions;However,the“Town-cleaning Campaign”was gradually carried out,and it would not expand to other regions until it achieved the complete success in one region.This difference was mainly due to the different geographical environments in North China and Central China,the different campaign initiators and the different targets,which would result in subtle differences in the effects.