藜麦光合特性及非结构性碳水化合物含量与产量的关系

Photosynthetic characteristics and the relationship between non-structural carbohydrates content and yield of quinoa

以陇藜4号、Z4、青藜、蒙4、蒙5等5个品种(系)藜麦为试验材料,研究藜麦的光合性能、非结构性碳水化合物含量及其与产量的关系。分别在分枝期、现穗期、开花期、灌浆期、成熟期测定中上部叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、叶片水分利用效率(WUE)、叶绿素含量以及非结构性碳水化合物含量,成熟后测定产量。结果表明,5个品种(系)藜麦的产量存在显著差异,陇藜4号的产量最高。藜麦叶片的P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)、WUE随生育进程推进均呈先上升后下降的趋势,C_(i)与叶绿素含量在整个生育期呈下降趋势。非结构性碳水化合物含量在整个生育期的变化趋势不同。藜麦分枝期P_(n)与产量呈显著正相关,灌浆期P_(n)与产量呈极显著正相关;G_(s)在现穗期与产量呈极显著正相关,开花期G_(s)与产量呈显著正相关;C_(i)、T_(r)、WUE与产量的相关性不显著。灌浆期可溶性糖含量与产量呈显著正相关;蔗糖含量、果糖含量、葡萄糖含量与产量的相关性不显著;可溶性淀粉含量与产量在成熟期呈极显著正相关。藜麦产量高低受多因素综合作用,藜麦生育中后期的P_(n)、G_(s)是高产、高光效品种鉴定评价的重要指标,应侧重培育在灌浆期与成熟期可溶性糖含量高与可溶性淀粉含量高的品种。

The photosynthetic performance,non-structural carbohydrate content and its relationship with yield of quinoa were studied by using five varieties(lines)of quinoa(Longli No.4,Z4,Qingli,Meng4 and Meng5)as experimental materials.The net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),water use efficiency(WUE),chlorophyll content and non structural carbohydrate content of middle and upper leaves were measured at branching stage,panicle stage,flowering stage,grain filling stage and milky stage respectively,and the yield was determined after maturity.The results showed that there were significant differences in the yield of quinoa among five varieties(lines),Longli No.4 had the highest yield.The P_(n),G_(s),T_(r) and WUE of quinoa increased first and then decreased with the growth process,while the contents of C_(i) and chlorophyll decreased during the whole growth period.The variation trend of non-structural carbohydrates content was different during the whole growth period.There was a significant positive correlation between P_(n) and yield at branching stage and extremely significant positive correlation between P_(n) and yield at filling stage.G_(s) was significantly positively correlated with yield at heading stage,and there was a significant positive correlation between G 2 and yield at flowering stage.There was no significant correlation between C_(i),T_(r),WUE and yield.There was a significant positive correlation between soluble sugar content and yield at the filling stage.There was no significant correlation between sucrose content,fructose content,glucose content and yield.There was a significant positive correlation between soluble starch content and yield at maturity stage.The yield of quinoa is affected by multiple factors.The P_(n) and G_(s) in the middle and late growth period of quinoa are important indices for the identification and evaluation of high-yield and high-light-efficiency varieties,and the cultivars with high soluble sugar content and high soluble starch content in the grain-filling stage and mature stage should be cultivated.