我国县中发展的运行逻辑与振兴道路

The Operation Logic and Revitalization Road of China’s Xianzhong

县中作为县域内的重点中学,曾经创造了人才培养的教育奇迹。然而,当前我国县中出现了明显的塌陷现象和发展危机,县中师生流失、教师更新困难、教育质量下滑。县中原本拥有符合自身发展的师生结构和制度结构,二者共同构成了县中发展的稳定格局和比较优势。“县中塌陷”的出现主要是受到快速城镇化和教育规范化的双重影响。城镇化的快速发展逐步形成城乡差序格局:一方面,高阶城市引力使得师生产生向城化倾向;另一方面,省市超级中学形成对师生的主动吸附,从而导致县中的师生结构招致破坏。县中在制度规范化建设中出现了时间使用的标准化、考试功能的祛魅化和经济激励的平均化,县中的制度结构失去了自身的比较优势。要改变“县中塌陷”的格局,需要重塑县中的师生结构和制度结构,重建县中的稳定性和比较优势。

As the best key high school in the county,Xianzhong had created educational miracle of talent training.However,at present,there is an obvious collapse phenomenon and development crisis in China’s Xianzhong:the loss of teachers and students,the difficulty of updating teachers and the decline of education quality.Xianzhong originally had a teacher-student structure and institutional structure in line with its own development,which together constitute a stable pattern and comparative advantage of the development of Xianzhong.The emergence of“The collapse of Xianzhong”is mainly due to the dual effects of rapid urbanization and education standardization.The rapid development of urbanization has gradually formed a pattern of urban-rural difference.On the one hand,the gravity of high-level cities makes teachers and students tend to urbanization;On the other hand,provincial and municipal super high schools have formed active adsorption on teachers and students,resulting in the destruction of the teachers-student structure of Xianzhong.During the construction of system standardization in Xianzhong,the standardization of time use,the disenchantment of examination functions and the equalization of economic incentives have appeared.The system structure of Xianzhong has lost its own comparative advantage.To change the situation of“The collapse of Xianzhong”,we need to reshape the teacher-student structure and institutional structure of Xianzhong,and rebuild the stability and comparative advantage of Xianzhong.