论我国高等教育法律救济制度的优化

On the Optimization of the Legal Relief System of Higher Education in China

高等教育法律救济制度是衡量高等教育法律体系是否健全、教育法治是否落实的重要标尺。高等教育纠纷具有学术性、自治性、伦理性的特征,体现了教育法律救济制度不同于一般法律救济制度的原理。但现行高等教育法律救济制度的设计没有观照高等教育纠纷的特殊性,以致制度定位不清、衔接无序,造成了教育法治发展的短板。对此,应当重新定位校内申诉、健全教育行政申诉、完善教育行政复议、明确教育行政诉讼救济标准、建立专门的教育学术仲裁,以期建构分类分工、衔接配套的高等教育法律救济制度,促进教育法律体系更加完善,实现学生权益周密保护,推进教育治理能力现代化。

The legal relief system of higher education is an important yardstick to measure whether the legal system of higher education is sound and whether the rule of law in education is implemented.The disputes in higher education are characterized by academic,autonomous and ethical nature,reflecting the principle that the legal relief system of education is different from the general legal relief system.However,looking at the current legal relief system of higher education,it is found that the design of the current system does not take into account the particularity of disputes in higher education,and the positioning between systems is unclear and isolated from each other,resulting in the weakness of the development of the rule of law in education.In this regard,it is necessary to reposition internal complaints,improve educational administrative complaints,perfect educational administrative reconsideration,clarify the relief standards of educational administrative litigation,and establish a special educational academic arbitration in order to build a classified division of labor,connection and supporting,non-loophole protection system of higher education,and to promote the improvement of the level of educational rule of law.