溶瘤病毒的研究现状与临床进展

Research Status and Clinical Progress of Oncolytic Virus

溶瘤病毒是一类可选择性感染并杀死肿瘤,但不影响正常细胞生长的天然或基因重组病毒。作为新型免疫疗法,溶瘤病毒已被证实具有激活抗肿瘤免疫应答、调节肿瘤微环境、增强免疫检查点抑制剂效力等作用。然而,溶瘤病毒疗法仍存在给药方式、抗病毒免疫反应、选择合适的受试者等挑战。简介溶瘤病毒药物载体及特征、溶瘤病毒的抗肿瘤机制及改造策略,综述临床研究中以溶瘤病毒为基础的各类联合疗法,并对溶瘤病毒亟待解决的挑战进行梳理。

Oncolytic viruses are a class of natural or genetically engineered viruses that selectively infect and kill tumors,without affecting normal cells.As a new class of immunotherapy,oncolytic viruses have proved to be able to activate anti-tumor immune response,regulate tumor microenvironment,and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.However,oncolytic virus therapy still faces challenges such as mode of administration,antiviral immune response,and selection of suitable patients.This article summarizes the characteristics of oncolytic virus vectors,anti-tumor mechanisms and modification strategies of oncolytic viruses,and reviews the various combination therapies based on oncolytic viruses as well as the challenges facing oncolytic virotherapy.