“范式”概念溯源及其与“知识型”的关系

The Origin of the Concept of“Paradigm”and Its Relationship with“Knowledge Types”

自20世纪90年代以来,“范式”概念就成为文论界用以讨论、分析、反思近百年来中国文论知识生产与理论建构的高频关键词。在“范式”概念及相关理论、方法的运用中,学界存在着诸多差异、分歧和模糊之处。其原因是多方面的,其中一个重要方面是对库恩所提出的“范式”的原初意义的偏离。库恩强调“范式”是以“范例”为标志、由科学家共同体所共享的一种更大的理解框架。将paradigm译为“典范”而不是“范式”,或许可以更好地凸显这个概念的理论内涵与在实际研究中的方法论意义。但是,无论是从理论上,还是在实际运用过程中,“范式”所具有的“典范”意义与“规则”意义又是难以截然分开的。这导致人们往往更多地在“规则”意义的层面上使用“范式”概念并将其混同于“知识型”的概念。从知识社会学的理论视域对“范式”的概念进行辨正并理清它与“知识型”的关系,可以为我们观照、反思中国文论的知识生产提供可资参考的知识学理论基础。

Since 1990s,the concept of“paradigm”has become a high-frequency key word in the discussion,analysis and reflection of the knowledge production and theoretical construction of Chinese literary theory in the last century.In the application of the concept of“paradigm”and related theories and methods,there are many differences,divergences and ambiguities in the academic circles.There are many reasons for this,one of which is the deviation from the original meaning of the“paradigm”proposed by Kuhn.Kuhn emphasized that“paradigm”is a larger understanding framework marked by“examples”and shared by the community of scientists.Translating“paradigm”into“典范”instead of“范式”may better highlight the theoretical connotation of this concept and its methodological significance in practical research.However,whether in theory or in the process of practical application,it is difficult to completely separate the“model”meaning from the“rule”meaning.This leads people to use the concept of“paradigm”more often in the meaning of“rules”and confuse it with the concept of“knowledge types.”Rectifying the concept of“paradigm”and clarifying its relationship with“knowledge types”from the theoretical perspective of the sociology of knowledge provides us with the theoretical basis of knowledge science that can be used as reference to observe and reflect on the knowledge production of Chinese literary theory.