2014-2018年广西壮族自治区城市饮用水总硬度监测结果分析

Analysis on the monitoring results of the total hardness of urban drinking water in Guangxi from 2014 to 2018

目的了解广西壮族自治区14个地级市城市饮用水总硬度及其级别的分布状况。方法收集2014-2018年广西壮族自治区城市饮用水总硬度监测结果进行描述分析和评价。监测点覆盖全区所有111个县(市、区)内全部市政供水和部分自建设施供水。每个监测点于枯水期和丰水期各检测水样一次,水样类型包括出厂水、末梢水和传统水箱式二次供水等。水样的检测和评价按照我国现行的相关标准进行,并分析水总硬度及其不同级别的地区和水源的分布情况。结果期间共监测水样19 894份,总硬度中位数为107 mg/L,检出范围是1~450 mg/L,未超过我国生活饮用水卫生标准。其中,极软水占38.23%,软水占36.49%,中硬水占25.11%,硬水占0.17%,没有高硬水、超高硬水和特硬水。江河水以软水为主、水库水以极软水为主、溪水以极软水为主、湖泊水以中硬水为主、深井以中硬水为主、泉水以中硬水为主、浅井以中硬水为主;沿海地区(北海市、钦州市、防城港市)和桂林市、玉林市以极软水为主,南宁市、柳州市、梧州市、百色市、贵港市、贺州市和崇左市以软水为主,河池市和来宾市以中硬水为主。长寿县城市饮用水总硬度中位数为84 mg/L,极软水占46.59%;非长寿县城市饮用水总硬度中位数为113 mg/L,极软水占36.54%。结论广西城市饮用水地下水(井水、泉水)以中硬水为主。城市饮用水总硬度以极软水和软水为主,不同地区的总硬度等级分布有差异。长寿县和非长寿县城市饮用水总硬度含量有显著性差异,总硬度对健康长寿的影响需进一步开展统计学上的相关性分析。

Objective To understand the distribution of the total hardness of drinking water and its grade in 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi. Methods The monitoring results of urban drinking water hardness in Guangxi from 2014 to 2018 were collected for descriptive analysis and evaluation. The monitoring spots covered all municipal water supply and some self-built facilities in all 111 counties(cities, districts) in the entire province. Water samples were tested once at each monitoring spot during the dry season and the wet season. The types of water samples included factory water, tap water, and traditional tank-type secondary water supply. The detection and evaluation of water samples were carried out in accordance with the current relevant standards in China, and the total water hardness and the distribution of different levels of regions and water sources were analyzed. Results A total of 19 894 water samples were monitored during the period. The median total hardness was 107 mg/l, and the range was 1 to 450 mg/l, which did not exceed the standards of China’s drinking water sanitation. Among them, extremely soft water was accounted for 38.23%, soft water for 36.49%, medium-hard water for 25.11%, and hard water for 0.17%. There was no high-hard water, ultra-high hard water, or extra-hard water. River water was mainly soft water, reservoir water was mainly very soft water, stream water was mainly very soft water, lake water was mainly medium-hard water, deep wells were mainly medium-hard water, spring water was mainly medium-hard water, and shallow wells were mainly medium-hard water. The water in the coastal areas(Beihai, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang), Guilin, and Yulin were mainly extremely soft water;while in Nanning, Liuzhou, Wuzhou, Baise, Guigang, Hezhou, and Chongzuo were mainly soft water;in Hechi and Laibin were mainly mediumhard water. The median of total hardness of urban drinking water in towns of longevity was 84 mg/l with extremely soft water accounted for 46.59%, and that in towns of non-longevity was 113 mg/l with extremely soft water accounted for 36.54%. Conclusion The urban drinking water and groundwater in Guangxi is mainly medium-hard water. The total hardness of urban drinking water is dominated by extremely soft water and soft water, and the distribution of total hardness grade is different in different areas. There are significant differences in the total hardness of drinking water between towns of longevity and of non-longevity. The effect of total hardness on health and longevity requires further statistical correlation analysis.