古希腊悲剧的当代重述

Contemporary Rewriting of Ancient Greek Tragedies

古希腊文学经典母题--阿特柔斯家族的世族仇杀故事,曾见诸荷马和三大悲剧家的七部悲剧的改编和重述。两千年后的西方现当代文学仍在持续重述,人物依旧,主题改弦更张。当代爱尔兰作家科尔姆·托宾的《名门》用小说重述了阿伽门农家族的血亲仇杀和宫廷叛乱的悲剧,在远古与现代的碰撞中显现出对传统既继承又颠覆的特性。其中,对神祇的态度转变、对人物性格和内心的多维度补充塑造,以及对当下爱尔兰社会的隐含指涉,是小说最独异的亮点所在,但当代作家的重述与改写也折射出托古喻今的碎片化倾向与边缘人的无力感。

The classical motif of ancient Greek literature that is the tragedy of the Atreus family,had been adapted in the Homeric epic and seven tragedies written by Aeschylus,Sophocles and Euripides respectively.After two thousand years,contemporary writers have consistently rewritten this story with same characters but different themes.Colm Tóibín’s novel,House of Names,has retold this family feudal tragedy,and the characteristics of both inheritance and subversion of classical tradition has been shown in the collision between ancient and modern times.Among them,the change of attitude towards gods,the multi-dimensional supplementary shaping of characters and their inner heart,and the implicit reference to the current Irish society have become the most unique highlights of this novel.However,the rewriting and retelling by modern writers also reflect the tendency of fragmentation and the powerlessness of marginalized person.