生物炭理化特性及其对厌氧消化效率提升的研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOCHAR AND ITS IMPROVEMENT EFFECT ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION EFFICIENCY

厌氧消化被广泛应用于餐厨垃圾、有机废弃物和高浓度废水等的资源化处理,但实际应用中,厌氧消化常由于易酸化、氨氮抑制和产甲烷菌对环境因素敏感等原因,造成消化过程不稳定、产甲烷率低等问题。生物炭具备制备简单、原料来源广泛和成本低廉等优点,将其添加至厌氧消化系统中,可维持体系稳定运行和提升厌氧消化产甲烷效率。介绍了生物炭的制备方法和理化特征,并从生物炭提升厌氧消化系统缓冲能力、吸附抑制剂从而缓解氨氮抑制及其作为微生物载体等方面,对生物炭促进厌氧消化的效果和机理进行了综述。

Anaerobic digestion is widely used in the recycling treatment of kitchen waste,urban organic waste and high-concentration wastewater.However,due to the accumulation of organic acids,inhibition of the produced ammonia nitrogen and high sensitivity of methanogenic bacteria to environmental factors,the digestion process is often unstable with low methane production rate in practical application.Biochar has the advantages of simple preparation,wide source of raw materials and low cost,and it can be added into the anaerobic digestion system to maintain the stable operation of the anaerobic digestion system and improve the efficiency of methane production.In this paper,the preparation methods,physical and chemical characteristics of biochar were introduced.Meanwhile,the effect and mechanism of biochar on anaerobic digestion were also reviewed based on the following aspects:enhancing buffering capacity of anaerobic digestion system,alleviating the inhibition of ammonia nitrogen through adsorbing the inhibitors,and serving as microbial carriers due to its abundant pores and large specific surface area.