“通”“达”辨

Distinguishing Between Connection(tong通)and Attainment(da达)

在汉语文字中,"通"与"达"互训互证。"通"更重于过程,"达"更重于结果,"达"由"通"开始,"通"以"达"标示完成。从阐释学角度来说,"通""达"包含的开放与澄明,融合与确证,追求在最终理解上的"共"与"同",是中国阐释学的重要特征。"通""达"蕴含的以开放为核心、以循环为特性、以融合为效果、以确定为准则、以追求"共"与"同"为目的的阐释学意蕴,与西方阐释学有基本一致的取向。故可将"通""达"之义作为阐释学的一种普遍标准。

The Chinese terms connection(tong通,hereafter tong)and attainment(da达,hereafter da)are similar in meaning,though tong pays more attention to the process whereas da focuses more on the outcome.This relationship between tong and da has publicness and universality as its goal and endows the compound word integrality(tongda通达,hereafter tongda)with multiple hermeneutical significances.The overall hermeneutical inquiry of tongda is also reflected in basically the same manner in Western hermeneutics.The publicness and universality of hermeneutics are realized by composition(die迭)in the sense of substitution or interchanging.Interpretation and its objects,and the history and current expression of the interpretative community,together generate new vision and fusion.It is not only the expectation but also the standard of interpretation that could be called“the consistency of tongda.”This paper aims to put forward and identify tongda as a milestone concept for Chinese hermeneutics.